484 GENEEAL DISEASES. 



respectively enclosed by tissue which forms capsules round them. 

 The encysted colonies of bacilli thus gradually lose their power of 

 transmitting the disease, and finally die. 



Jt is generally thought that the lungs are almost always the first 

 organ attacked by the bacilli of glanders, because, on post-mortem 

 examination, they usually manifest the presence of grey translucent 

 nodules which have a tendency to calcify (to become more or less 

 turned into lime). These grey translucent nodules have no con- 

 nection with glanders, but are the result of minute thread-worms 

 blocking up small blood-vessels in the lungs, and thereby setting up 

 inflammation, with consequent formation of tubercles. In spite of 

 a most extensive experience, Schlitz had not observed a case of 

 primary glanders of the lungs of the horse. If the " grey trans- 

 lucent '' tubercles in the lungs are regarded as lesions of glanders, 

 one can arrive at such a conclusion, but the careful and diligent 

 examination of such tubercles in the Pathological Institute has 

 shown how erroneous this view is. The tubercles of glanders 

 are opaque and of a greyish white colour, their centres yellow, 

 they are surrounded by reddened zones, and do not become calcified. 



Unchecked glanders in a horse almost always runs- a chronic 

 course, in which case, ulceration in the nostrils often does not 

 appear until several months after infection. The acute form is 

 more common than the chronic form in donkeys and mules. 



MODES OF INFECTION.— Glanders is most readily communi- 

 cated by bringing some of the diseased discharge from the nostrils 

 or from a farcy bud, in contact with a wound or with any of the 

 mucous membranes. Hence it is advisable, when examining a 

 suspected horse, to carefully avoid the possibility of his sneezing 

 or coughing in one's face, which precaution can be taken by using 

 on© of the special face-guards that are manufactured for the pro- 

 tection of persons examining glandered horses. Inoculation with 

 glanders-tainted blood has been found to fail more often than it 

 succeeds in transmitting the disease. 



The following are the chief ways, in which the microbes of 

 glanders can enter the healthy body : — 



1. By means of the air as a carrier. 



It appears impossible for the bacilli of glanders to be carried 

 directly from one horse to another ; for Eug. Renault, long before 

 Cadeac and Malet, always failed to transmit the disease to a 

 healthy horse by making him breathe air which was given off the 

 lungs of an acutely glandered horse ; their muzzles being connected 

 by a cloth. 



Friedberger and Frohner state that the organs of breathing are 

 the gate of entrance for the virus, in at least nine-tenths of cases 



