GLANDERS. 487 



which are thus clinically affected are a much more dangerous source 

 of contagion, than those which suffer from the disease, but which 

 have no outward symptoms. As it is impossible to say with 

 certainty that any particular infected horse does not at times dis- 

 charge the microbes of glanders from its nostrils or other passages, 

 we must regard all horses which react to mallein (p. 626), as 

 probable centres of infection that ought not to be allowed in the 

 vicinity of healthy animals. 



CUKABILITY AND TREATMENT OF GLANDERS.— Mallein 

 has probably a curative effect in oases^of glanders (p. 631). It 

 is also possible that spontaneous recoveries may take place, espe- 

 cially when the animal's constitution is fortified by good feeding, 

 and careful nursing. Referring to pre-mallein days, it has been 

 stated that' cases were not infrequent in which horses exhibited 

 well-marked clinical signs of glanders (usually farcy sores, but 

 sometimes nasal ulceration and frequently enlarged submaxillary 

 glands), but after rest and treatment, so far recovered as to return 

 to work free from all suspicious symptoo-S, and to live until 

 accident or other disease put an end to their existence. Although 

 the treatment of horses which have outward symptoms of glanders 

 is illegal in this country, there are no restrictions as to the treat- 

 ment of those which simply rea.ct to mallein. If such an animal 

 was worth the trouble and slight risk, it would be wise to continue 

 the injections of mallein, say, at intervals of three weeks, and with 

 comparatively large doses of this drug (p. 627). Nearly 50 per 

 cent, of the reacting horses submitted to repeated mallein injec- 

 tions recovered. 



DISTINGUISHING GLANDERS FROM OTHER DISEASES.— 

 The following are the chief means for arriving at this end : — 



1. Mallein (p. 626 et seg.) is the sheet anchor for preventing 

 mistakes concerning the presence or absence of glanders in a sus- 

 pected animal. 



2. Symptoms. The chief outward symptoms of glanders are : 

 discharge from the nose ; ulceration, on one or both sides, of the 

 mucous membrane which lines the nostrils; and a tumour which 

 is generally adherent to the bone, on one or both sides of the 

 space between the angles of the lower jaw. The discharge from 

 ihe nose in oases of glanders, differs from that of cold in the head 

 (p. 367), influenza (p. 449) and nasal gleet (p. 371), as the reader 

 will- see on referring to the respective descriptions of the symptoms 

 of these diseases. Ulceration of the nostrils is not a frequent 

 symptom. In influenza there may be a swelling, more or less 



