TSETSE FLY DISEASE. 531 



we may see from the following extract from " The Lancet " of Uth 

 January, 1902, concerning a case of trypanosomatosis in a 

 European, which came imder the observation of Dr. J. E. Dutton 

 on the Gambia : — 



" The preparation reveals typical trypanosomata, few in number. 

 The account of the case shows that the patient has been suffering 

 from a form of relapsing fever with peculiar oedema of the eyelids 

 and puffiness of the face, also cedema of the legs, general weakness, 

 abnormal frequency of pulse and of respiration, and enlarged spleen. 

 There was no organic lesion of the heart and kidneys, and no 

 malarial parasites were found after repeated examination. The 

 relapsing fever recalls that of horses suffering from the same para- 

 site. It is not yet certain whether the parasite approximates to 

 T. Brucei or to T. Lewisi.'' This trypanosome is now known as 

 T. Gambiense, which is less virulent than T. Brucei and T. Evansi, 

 and does not affect men. 



SYMPTOMS AND POST-MORTEM APPEARANCES.— " The 

 clinical symptoms of nagana are little typical. Advancing aneemia 

 and hydrsemia run concurrently with emaciation. • There is 

 oedematous swelling of the deeper parts of the rimip and other 

 portions of the body, and there is pale watery appearance of the 

 visible mucous membranes. Near the end, preceded by a long 

 agony, the animal presents a living skeleton. In all large animals 

 the eyes become affected (conjunctivitis, keratitis and blindness 

 may ensue). As long as the strength of the patient keeps up, 

 appetite is not destroyed. 



" Autopsy shows remarkable poverty of blood, muscles poor in 

 fat and oedematously infiltrated, oedema of breast, abdomen, neck 

 and back; lymphatic glands enlarged and softened. In abdomen 

 large quantities of straw-coloured fluid. Very often catarrh of 

 the mucous membrane of intestine. Dropsies into pericardium ; 

 -petechial spots on peri- and endo-cardimn. Bone marrow yellow, 

 gelatinous and full of haemorrhages. Collections of fluid in spinal 

 canal " (Theiler). 



Bruce describes the post-mortem appearances of nagana as 

 being nearly similar to those of surra. 



TREATMENT.— Bruce, following the procedure of Lingard, 

 found that arsenic (given in the food to the extent of 12 grains 

 daily, in the form of liquor arsenicalis) arrested the progress of 

 the disease in a horse, and enabled the animal to continue at 

 work. 



Intravenous treatment with arsenic in trypanosomiasis, consists 

 in injecting the drug in solution into a vein by means of a 



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