630 MEDICINES. 



outward symptom of the disease become^ apparent for a long time. 

 In this respect, it is particularly valuable to owners of large studs 

 of horses, in which glanders has broken out, or is supposed to 

 exist, so that the healthy animals may be separated from those 

 which are affected. 



The chief objections to the value of mallein are as follows: — 

 First, that some authorities aver that mallein produces its typical 

 reactions in certain diseases other than glanders, as, for instance, 

 inflammation of the lungs and bronchitis. Even if this were true, 

 the fact that these diseases can generally be recognised, greatly 

 lessens the chance of any of them being mistaken for glanders. 

 Second, that healthy horses are said to occasionally react to 

 mallein. Both of these statements are entirely opposed to the 

 experience of the great French authority, Nocard, and to that of 

 English veterinary surgeons. Third, that some glandered horses 

 fail to react, a remark which has reference only to three classes of 

 infected horses, namely, those which are in the short incubative 

 stage (p. 483) ; those which have been subjected to a series 

 of injections of mallein with unduly brief intervals of time between 

 them ; and those which are very badly glandered, and which would 

 consequently be visibly affected. These objections have no prac- 

 tical weight. Bear in mind that mallein is a comparatively new 

 medicinal agent, and that the arguments against its adoption were 

 made when it was on its trial, and when its manufacture was often 

 carried out in a very imperfect manner. 



POST-MORTEM APPEARANCE OF THE LIANGS AFTER AN 

 INJECTION OF MALLEIN.— With one injection of mallein, 

 especially the mallein obtained from the Pasteur Institute, there 

 was a distinct alteration in the post-mortem appearance of the 

 lungs, if the animal was killed within 48 hours after the injection. 

 There were red streaks and spots, and a peculiar dropsical con- 

 dition of the lungs which enabled the observer by the mere pressure 

 of the fingers to see at once that a horse had been recently 

 malleined. 



CURATIVE EFFECT OF MALLEIN ON GLANDERS.— As one 

 out of many similar instances, Nocard rela,tes that he superintended 

 the testing by mallein of 10,231 horses belonging to the Compagnie 

 Generale des Voitures de Paris, and that 2,037 reacted, out of 

 which 687 became affected with outward symptoms, and were 

 slaughtered. Post-mortem, examinations were made on a large 

 number of those which had ceased to react and which were subse- 

 quently cast, owing to old age, unsoundness, or accident ; the 

 result being that all the tubercles found in their lungs were fibrous 



