THE SHOE. 741 



which exhibits a deep depression at tlie toe of the pedal l)one that 

 was evidently produced by the pressure of the clip of the shoe. 

 Here we have a potent factor in the formation of horn tumours 

 (p. 212). The pedal bone in question had, on both sides, large 

 side bones (Fig. 198, p. 74.3), which were particularly well developed 

 at the quarters (p. 274). 



6th. When the heels of the hoof are unnaturally low, thick- 

 heeled shoes may be employed. 



7th. Care should be taken to make the heels of the shoes, on 

 their foot-surface, perfectly flat ; so that the heels of the hoofs may 

 have no tendency to contract, on account of resting on surfaces 

 which slope inwards. 



8th. The shoes should l)e made to project sligiitly beyond the 

 ends of the heels (without any risk being run of a fore shoe 



Fig. 196. — Foot surface of concave bar. 



getting caught by a hind shoe), so that the heels of the shoe 

 may rest on the solid pieces of horn that are found immediately 

 behind the angle formed by the wall and bar. If the heels of 

 the shoe terminate slightly in front of these surfaces, they will 

 soon become imbedded in the softer horn in front, and it will be 

 impossible to keep the hoof at its proper slope, without using 

 thick-heeled shoes. We may, however, get over this difficulty by 

 using tipa, which will leave the heels of the foot entirely un- 

 covered. These tips should be flat on both sides, comparatively 

 thin, and broad at the toes, so as to make up in strength for their 

 reduced thickness. 



9th. The ground-surface of the inner edge of the shoe should be 

 bevelled (Fig. 192, p. 738), in order to increase the foot-hold of the 

 horse, to lessen the weight of metal employed, and to obviate the 

 risk of picking up stones. 



10th. In order to conform to the shape of a well-worn unshod 

 foot, the ideal horse-shoe should have, as in Fig. 71 (p. 213), a 



