742 



SHOEING-. 



turned-up toe (" roll-toe " or " stumble-toe "). This arrangement, 

 which is similar to that of the toe of a shoe which has been in wear 

 for a considerable time, places the muscles bending the foot (flexor 

 pedis 'performxs and jperforatus) and their tendons at a mechanical 

 advantage, by reducing the distance between the fulcrum (F) and 



^. 



p'ig. 197. — Excavation at the toe of the pedal bone as a result of disease. 



power (P) of the foot-lever (Fig. 185, p. 731). It is almost need- 

 less to say that a shoe of the well-made pattern shown in Figs. 71 

 (p. 21.3) and 195 (p. 740), could not be easily construct^ed out of 

 ordinary bar iron (Fig. 196, p. 741). Either the shoe or the bars 

 would have to be machine-made. 



The use of too heavy shoes, not only causes the feet to carry an 

 unnecessary burden, but also necessitates the employment of large- 

 sized nails, which are apt to injure the wall to an injurious extent. 



