134 



THB bek-kbbpbr's guide ; 



gant monograph from which I have taken several figures, 

 described with beautiful illustrations the mouth organs of the 

 honey-bee, but was in doubt as to their physiology. Dr. 

 Hyatt, of New York, did much to explain the anatomy of the 

 bee's tongue ; but so far as I know I was the first to explain 

 accurately the anatomy and physiology of this organ. Within 

 the mentum (Fig. 5S, C, m) are s'trong muscles for retracting 



Fig. SS. 



Tongue extended for 

 sucking. 



m Maxillffi- 

 L Ligula. 

 s m Sub-mentum. 

 D Duct from upper 

 head and tho- 

 racic glands. 



Tongue bent under Head. 



R Retractor muscles. The 

 opening opposite L. at upper 

 base of tongue between par- 

 aglossje. All from Wolff. 



Base of Labium.. 



the organ. The force of suction is doubtless analogous to the 

 act of drinking on our own part. The rhythmical motion of 

 the ligula in sipping honey is thus explained. By the muscles 

 of the mouth the cavity is enlarged, producing suction, when 

 by pressure swallowing is accomplished. 



When not in use, the tongue with the attendant mouth 

 organs, are bent back under the head (Fig. $S, B). 



GI,ANDUI<AR ORGANS. 



These important organs, which have been so fully 

 described by Siebold, Wolff, and especially by Schiemenz, are 



