FLOWERS AND FOLIAGE OF SUMMER. 97 



than our Middle and Eastern States, it yet seems perfectly 

 hardy throughout the North. It is round-headed and 

 small-sized for an oak and is in every way an interesting 

 and valuable ornamental tree. The English oak (Q'tiercus 

 roburJ,aud its well-marked variety, pedunculata, are noble- 

 looking trees, although they do not succeed as invariably 

 in America as our American species. This oak is fine for 

 both appearance and shade in summer, particularly in one 

 or two of its varieties. The most remarkable is the golden 

 oak ( Quercus robur pedunculata Concordia) . In June, this 

 oak is greenish-gold, but later takes on its full deep golden 

 tint, which it retains until frost. Such bright lively tints 

 are very refreshing and charming during the heat and dull 

 hues of August. No summer lawn should be considered 

 complete without a golden oak planted in some conspicuous 

 position where the yellowish tint will contrast properly 

 with the green of other foliage. This variety grows fairly 

 for an oak, and the foliage, when the tree has been well 

 p)ruued, lies in thick rich masses of the most attractive charac- 

 ter. Indeed, what tree will not judicious pruning improve ? 

 Of the Japan oaks there are few grander and more ef- 

 fective in summer than the royal oak of Japan (Quercus 

 Dainiio). No oak known on the lawn has larger leaves. 

 For summer ornament it is therefore very effective. The 

 pyramidal oak, a European variety, is also fine in summer 

 with its great vigor and bold outline. Another variety of 

 the English oak, viz., the weeping form, has fine foliage 

 and a remarkable habit to render it conspicuous in summer 

 on the lawn. My space would not of course permit the 

 description of all oaks valuable on the summer lawn ; for, 



