ORTHOPTERA 23 
Orthoptera 
Familiar to all are many of the species that go to make up this 
order: the grasshoppers, katydids, crickets, and roaches. 
The entire group is characterized by incomplete metamorphosis. 
The immature form just hatched from an egg is quite similar in appear- 
ance to the adult, except that it is very much smaller, and that it has 
no wings. As it grows, wing pads develop, and finally, with the last 
moult, the adult comes forth. 
All insects in this order have biting mouth parts. There are two 
pairs of wings. The front pair are leathery, and, when at rest, cover the 
hind pair, which are thin 
and papery, and are folded 
in plaits. The antenne 
vary, but frequently are 
quite long and slender. 
The order is divided into 
various subgroups or fami- 
lies. Thus we have the 
jumping Orthoptera, includ- 
ing the Gryllide or crickets, 
the Acridide or grasshop- | 
pers, at as gu es Fie. 19.— One of the jumping Orthoptera, 
katydids; the running Or- or Gryllide. Original. 
thoptera, including the Blat- 
tide or roaches; the grasping Orthoptera, including the Mantide 
or praying mantids; and the walking Orthoptera, including the 
peculiar insects known as the Phasmide or walking sticks. 
There are many injurious pests in this order; some of them, such as 
the Rocky Mountain locust, famous for the devastation that they have 
wrought to American farms. The immature stages, or nymphs, as 
well as the adults, are destructive, though in less degree because they 
are smaller. 
