236 PESTS OF ORCHARD AND SMALL FRUITS 
usually within a foot of the ground, in June and July. The larva 
requires three years for maturity, feeding first in the sapwood, but 
later penetrating to the heart of the tree. The food plants include 
apple, pear, quince, and 
related wild species. 
Cutting out with a 
knife or probing with 
a soft copper wire are 
effectual remedies, if 
carefully done each 
season. Ifa wire probe 
is used, nick the end 
so that rough barbs 
will be made and the 
borer thus drawn out. 
Mechanical protections 
tied around the trunk 
for two to three inches 
below the ground to a 
height of two or three 
feet will prevent egg 
laying. For this pur- 
pose one may use wood 
veneer, heavy paper, 
or even old news- 
papers, which usually 
will last through one 
es season. Pure white 
Fs 30k The Reminded Apter tet. ed and ised ol 
Original. may be painted on the 
trunks of apple trees, 
but ready mixed paint must not be used, since it may contain other 
oils that are injurious. Protective washes are of some benefit, but 
need to be renewed occasionally, and will not wholly prevent attack, 
though they will lessen the number of borers. 
