GRUBS IN STEM OR SHOOT 247 
spring by puncturing the new wood. The part injured later develops 
into a gall an inch or an inch and a half long, which shows a deep 
scar on one side. Eggs are laid in the punctures, and grubs develop 
in the pith of the cane. The adults come out in late summer, and hide 
in rubbish over winter. 
Since the beetles feed to some extent on the leaf and stem tissues, 
they may be poisoned by spraying with arsenate of lead or Paris green. 
Galls should be cut off and destroyed before the time of emergence of 
adults in late summer. 
The Grapevine Girdler (Ampeloglypter ater Lec.) 
This insect in its adult stage is similarto the grape-cane gall-maker, 
but its color is black. It injures terminal shoots by girdling them, 
so that the end of the shoot later falls to the ground. The young or 
grub develops within the shoot. The 
adult emerges in the fall and hibernates 
in the leaves or trash. 
Spraying with arsenate of lead or 
Paris green in May or June will kill 
the beetles. In early summer cut off 
the ends of canes showing the charac- 
teristic girdling, making the cut a few 
inches below the girdle. 
The Blackberry Pithy-gall 
(Diastrophus turgidus Bass.) 
Curious, hard enlargements of the 
canes of blackberries are caused by 
small, fleshy larvee which hateh from 
eggs laid by a black gall-fly. Several 
Fie. 327.— The Blackberry 
larve inhabit each gall, remaining é Rae 
= > Pithy-gall. Original. 
within it as pup over winter. The 
species is not abundant enough to be a pest, but galls should be re 
moved whenever found. 
