258 PESTS OF ORCHARD AND SMALL FRUITS 
The Oyster-shell Scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi Linn.) 
The shape of this scale is quite like that of a narrow, miniature 
oyster shell. It is about one eighth of an inch long and is easily ob- 
served without a lens. It 
commonly infests a great 
variety of deciduous trees 
and shrubs, and when 
very abundant, is capable 
of causing the death of its 
host. 
The young scales ap- 
pear in May or June, 
crawl about over the bark 
for six or eight hours, and 
then insert their beaks, 
settle down, and secrete 
the wax covering under 
which they remain for the 
rest of their life. The 
males are winged. Eggs 
are laid in fall, beneath 
the scale covering the 
female, and remain there 
until the next spring. In 
the South there are two 
broods; in the North 
one. : 
Fic. 351.— Oyster-shell Scale. Enlarged to 
twice natural size. Original. Regular, annual spray- 
ing in winter with lime 
sulphur for San José scale will hold this insect sufficiently in check. 
For direct, remedial treatment of badly infested trees this wash is 
not sufficiently active or dependable. The only remedies that may 
be dépended on are a spraying in early spring with linseed oil 
emulsion; or an application of 12 per cent kerosene emulsion at the 
