166 THE ANNELIDES. § 155. 
testine, receives the excretory ducts of glandular appendages and is there- 
fore, more properly a stomach than an cesophagus.“9 With many, the. 
stomach and its appendages are wanting, but then the entire canal stretch-- 
ing directly across the cavity of the body has on both sides long analogous. 
appendages which sometimes consist of dilated sacs, so that these append- 
ages have wholly the aspect of caeca.“” 
III. Glandular Appendages. 
§ 155. 
The glands appended to the digestive canal of the Annelides may be di- 
vided into the salivary and hepatic organs. The first of these are some- 
times absent, but the last are never wanting. 
The organs regarded as salivary glands are attached either to the pha- 
rynx or to the beginning of the intestinal canal. With the Nemertini,. 
they are absent. But with Sangwiswga, as abdominal salivary glands,. 
may be regarded the many groups of round corpuscles which surround the 
commencement of the intestine, and whose excretory ducts open into it by 
many orifices, after anastomosing together.” With Lumbricus, there is 
a long lobular body on each side of the pharyngeal tube which secretes a 
whitish liquid, and which is analogous perhaps to an oral salivary gland. 
The four pairs of transparent vesicles, which, with Enchytraeus, open at 
the inferior extremity of the cesophagus, are possibly of the same nature. © 
With Siphonostomum, there are two riband-like caeca which pass along the 
esophagus and open separately into the oral cavity. With many Dorsi- 
branchiati, the commencement of the intestine has two glands of probably 
a pancreatic nature. It is difficult to decide as to the hepatic or sali- 
vary nature of the numerous and usually white appendages, which belong 
to both sides of the whole alimentary canal of the Aphroditae. With ‘Pol- 
ynoé, these consist of six cylindrical, caecal, and sometimes bifid tubes, 
lying between the muscles of the walls of the body. 
With Aphrodite hystriz, there are twenty of these tubes on each side 
16 Nereis ; see Rathké, De Bopyro et Nereide p. 
85, Taf. IL. fig. 7, 8. 
17 With Aphrodite hystrix, and aculeata, the 
intestine has on each side twenty glandular append- 
ages with long peduncles. In this last species, 
these appendages are caeca also, for they have at 
their extremities saccular dilatations filled with 
chyme ; see Pallas, Miscell. Zool. p. 85, Tab. VII. 
fig. 11; Treviranus, in his Zeitsch. f. Physiol. 
TIL. p. 162, Taf. XII. fig. 9, 10; and Milne Ed- 
waris,in Cyclop. Anat. and Phys. I. p. 169, fig. 
70. 
1 Brandt, Mediz. Zool. II. p. 247. Taf. XXIX. 
A. fig. 22, 23.* 
2 Morren, loc. cit. p. 129, Tab. X. XI. (Lum- 
bricus terrestris). 
3 Henle, in Muller’s Arch. 1887, p. 79, Taf. VI. 
fig. 6, d. d. 
* | § 155, note 1.] For the salivary glands of 
Hlirudinei, see Mogquin-Tandon, loc. cit. Edit. 
1846, p. 108, Pl. X. fig. 4 (Hirudo medicinalis), 
Pl. VI. fig. 11 (Haemopis), Pi. I. fig. 5 (Branch- 
ellion). — Ep. 
4 Rathké, Danzig. Schrift. loc. cit. p. 87, Taf. V. 
fig. 5, c. c. 
5 With Nereis, these two salivary glands com- 
municate by two narrow duots with that portion of 
the intestinal canal which should be regarded as a 
stomach ; see Rathkd, De Bopyro et Nereide, p.. 
38, Tab. II. fig. 7,g.8. Grube has found these 
two appendages at the beginning of the intestinal 
canal with Arenicola (Zur Anat. d. Kiemenwiir- 
mer, p. 6, Taf. I. fig. 1, 5, h.), and with Ammotry- 
pane (Nov. Act. Acad. XX. p. 197, Tab. X. fig. 
13, 19, h.)._ See also Milne Edwards, in the Ann. 
d. Sc. Nat. X. 1838, Pl. XII. fig. 1, j. (Werets), and 
Pl. XUIL. fig. 1, ee. (Arenicola); and Wagner, 
Icon. zoot. Tab. XXVIL. fig. 18, g. g. (Wereis).t 
6 Grube, Zur, Anat. d. Kiemenwirmer, p. 62, 
Taf. IL. fig. 13 (Polynoe squamata). 
+ [§ 155, note 5.] For the salivary glands of 
Branchellion, see Leydig, Siebold and K élliker’s 
Zeitsch. III. Hft. 3, p. 315, and Quatrefages, Ann. 
a. Sc. Nat. XVIII. 1852, p. 296, Pl. VI. fig. 3, 6, 
c.—Ep. 
