§ 168. THE ANNELIDES. 181 
bricini at this period, is of an analogous nature. It is also composed of 
numerous cutaneous glands, closely agyregated, and extending completely 
over many segments of the body.” The secretion of this collar is like that 
observed with the Hirudinei, probably for the formation of cocoons. But 
these cocoons differ from those of the Hirudinei in having the place of their 
opening prolonged into a long, narrow neck.” 
§ 168. 
The Branchiati resemble the Arthropoda in their annulated body, their 
distinct head endowed with organs of sense, the structure of their nervous 
system, and the development of their locomotive organs; but, from the 
simplicity of their locomotive apparatus, and the complete absence of cop- 
ulatory organs, they would be carried towards the Zoophytes. 
Here the sexes are separate, and the genital organs of both the Capiti- 
branchiati, and Dorsibranchiati, appear as simple glandular bodies, ovaries 
or testicles, which project from the ventral surface into the cavity of the 
body between the fasciculi of the cutaneous muscle.” At the sexual period, 
they are filled with eggs, or spermatic particles, although at other times they 
ean scarcely be seen. 
Neither the testicles nor the ovaries have excretory ducts which open 
upon the surface of the body. The sperm and eggs escape into the cavity 
of the body, which, during this period is thereby filled throughout. 
It is possible that the scarcely visible orifices said to be concealed be- 
4 Saenuris, Nais, &c.; see Gruithuisen, loc. cit. 
Tab. XXXV. fig. 5, b.b. 
5. With the large species of Lumbricus, each co- 
coon has from one to six eggs (L. Dufour, Ann. d. 
Sc. Nat. XIV. 1828, p. 216, Pl. XIL. B. or, Froriep’s 
Notiz. No. 472, 1828, p. 149, fig. 13-16 ; and Haf- 
meister, De vermibus quibusdam, Tab. I. and Die 
Arten aus der Familie, &c., p. 16, 25, 42). With 
the smaller L ini, as with S is, Euares, 
Nais, &c., the cocoons contain nearly always five 
to eight eggs (Duges, loc. cit. XV. Pl. VII. fig. 5, 
Nais). Most of these cocoons have appendages 
by which they are attached to vegetables and other 
bodies. Hoffmeister (Die Arten aus der Fam. &. 
p. 42, fig. 9, c.) has figured a very remarkable 
husk-shaped cocoon of a new species, Criodrilus 
lacuum. 
1 See Treviranus, Zeitsch. f. Physiol. III. 1827, 
p. 165, Taf. XIII. fig. 17, 18 (Aphrodite) ; Rathké, 
De Bopyro et Nerejde, p. 39, Tab. II. fig. 12, 1. 
‘Nerets), and, Danzig. Schrift. loc. cit. p. 66, Taf. V. 
g. 6, hh. fig. 11, aa. (Amphitrite) ; Grube, 
Zur Anat. d. Kiemenwiirmer, p. 16, Taf. I. fig. 1, 
2, m. (Arenicola), p. 44, Taf. II. fig. 6, y. z. (Bu- 
nice); also, Nov. Act. Acad. XX. p. 201, Tab. X. 
fig. 18, 15, m. (A4mmotrypane). Rathké’s and 
Grube’s opinion upon the presence of both male 
and female organs with the same individual is only 
an uncertain supposition, founded upon no histo- 
logical examination of the parts. 
2 This condition of the genital glands after the pro- 
creative season, is the reason why, as yet, we pos- 
sess so few facts as to their structure. Most ob- 
servers, and among them Rathké¢ and Grube, are 
* [§ 168, note 2.] According to Quatrefages 
(Ann. d. Sc. Nat. X. 1848, p. 46) the sexes are sep- 
arate with the Hermedia. Both the testicle and the 
ovary consist of a delicate areolar tissue adherent to 
the inferior internal surface of the general cavity of 
the body. These genital organs are evidently tem- 
16 
‘dividuals (Muller’s Arch. 1840, p. 375). 
of the op that the Branchiati, like the Lumbri- 
cini, are hermaphrodites. But Quatrefages, from 
-his knowledge of the development of the spermatic 
particles, has recognized separate sexes with the 
‘most different species, thus: Zerebella, Sabella, 
Aricinella, Nephtys, Syllis, Glycera, Eunice, 
Sigalion, Phyllodoce, Nerets, and Aphrodite ; 
see Comp. Rend. XVII. 1843, p..423. But before 
this, Stannius had concluded that the sexes were 
separate with Arenigola, from -a difference in the 
contents of the cavity of the bodies of different in- 
The 
glands at the cephalic extremity of the Branchiati 
which live in cases, and which Grube has regarded 
as male genital organs, are certainly not such, for 
they occur with both-sexes, and do not change in size 
during the procreative season. (See § 161, note 4.)* 
8 According to Quatrefages (Compt. rend. 
XVII. 1843, loc. cit.), the parent sperm-cells 
leave the testicle before the formation of the 
spermatic particles, which occurs in the cavity of 
the body. This is confirmed with Arenicola, by 
Stannius (Miller’s Arch. 1840, loc. cit.). Ac- 
cording to Krohn (Wiegmann’s Arch. 1845, I. p. 
182), the eggs and the spermatic particles, with 4/- 
ciopa, are developed free in the visceral cavity, 
without the intervention of special organs, ovaries 
and testicles. Frey and Leuckart (Beitr. &c. p. 
88) think they have observed the same fact with 
Nereis, Syllis, Phyllodoce, Aonis, Ammotry- 
pane, Ephesia, Hermella, Vermilia, Fabricia, 
and Spirorbis ; they speak of the presence of ova- 
ries and testicles in certain Annelides (Aphrodite, 
Arenicoia) as the exception. 
porary, for they are not found in many individuals, 
having, probably, quite disappeared from atrophy 
after the procreative period. This fact should be 
remembered in the study of the genitalia of other 
Annelides. — Ep. 
