$§ 199. 
THE ACEPHALA. 21T 
§ 199. 
The genital organs of Salpa are yet quite imperfectly known. They 
cannot be found except at the procreative period, and in a very few species 
only Ovaries have been discovered. 
These consist of two flexuous zigzag cords, situated each side of the 
median line of the back, between the mantle and peritoneum. Sometimes 
they are prominent from their violet color.” The young are always 
‘developed near the nucleus, in a cavity circumscribed by the peritoneum, 
“but it is yet not determined whether it communicates with the ovaries by 
an oviduct, and whether it has distinct walls, so as to be comparable to an 
aterus, 
As to the Male genital organs, we are yet in almost complete want of 
reliable researches. 
From a single observation, it would appear that there is a testicle con- 
«cealed in the nucleus, between the coils of the intestine, and communicat- 
ing,near the anus, with the cavity of the body.” But this still leaves it 
uncertain whether these animals are hermaphrodites or of separate sexes.® 
The Ascidiae are evidently hermaphrodites, for the male and female 
‘organs, varying as to number and position, are found upon one and the 
‘same individual between the walls of the muscular and branchial sacs. 
With the compound forms, as well as with many of the simple ones, the 
Jong, compact and usually yellowish ovarian mass is situated at the base 
of the cavity of the body. From this there arises a large thin-walled ovi- 
duct lined with ciliated epithelium, which ascends along the rectum towards 
the anal tube and opens into the cloaca through a papilla. Along its side 
and often benéath it, there is another long mass, which is evidently, from 
its contents, a testicle. It has a narrow and very tortuous Vas deferens 
filled with sperm, which runs parallel with the oviduct to its very extrem- 
ity.” 
1 These two ovaries have been most thoroughly 
observed with Salpa pinnata, see Forskdl, Des- 
crip. in itinere orient, observ. p. 13, Tab. XXXYV. 
B. bl, 45 Cuvier, loc. cit. p. 12, fig. 1. 2, w; 
-Chamisso, loc. cit. p. 6, fig.1; Delle Chiaje, Me- 
amor. &c. III. Tav. LXV. fig. 8, h.; Meyen, loc. 
ait. p. 399, Tab. XXVII. fig. 1, 21, f.; and the 
Catal. of the Phys. Series, &c., I. Pl. VI. fig. 1-4, 
Pp. Cuvier (loc. cit. p. 22. fig. 8) has also observed 
two ovaries with Sa/pa cylindrica. It must also 
be added here that, according to Forskdl and Cha- 
-misso, there are two violet ovaries, with Salpa pin- 
mata both in a simple and an aggregated form. 
2It was Krohn (loc. cit. p. 52) who recognized 
with Salpa maxima a round testicle in the centre 
of the nucleus. It was composed of numerous 
seminiferous delicate canals filled with a white sem- 
inal liquid, and opening by a short canal inte the 
natatory cavity. This testicle is probably the same 
organ that Delle Chiaje (Descriz. &c. II. Tay. 
LXXVIII. fig. 4, d.) has described as an ovary. 
The assertion of Meyen, on the other hand (loc. 
cit. p, 397, Tab, XXVIII. fig. 5-10), that a coni- 
eal organ which, with Salpa mucronata, is situ- 
ated in front of the cervical ganglion, belongs to 
the male genital organs, is unfounded and cer- 
tainly incorrect. But the observation of Krohn, 
on the contrary, gives support to the opinion 
of Delle Chiaje (Mem. &c. III. p. 62, and De- 
acriz. &c. ILI. p. 42) that me carnal which, 
Cynthia presents a remarkable exception in this respect. 
The gen- 
with Salpa pinnata, lies along the intestinal canal, 
is a Vas deferens. 
3 At all events, the question neéds careful exam- 
ination, whether both the simple and the compound 
forms of Salpa have male organs, or only one of 
them. In this last case, these animals would have 
some resemblance to the Aphides. Sars (loc. cit. 
p. 77) having declared that the solitary individ- 
uals of Salpa are sexless, then the aggregate indi- 
viduals ought to be idered as repr ing the 
perfect state of these animals; but as yet acither 
this author, nor Krohn (Froriep’s neue Notiz. XL. 
p- 151, and Ann. d. Sc. Nat. 1846, VI. p. 110) have 
been able to show the existence of ovaries in these 
animals. At least these two naturalists pass in 
silence the violet ovarian striae of Sa/pa, mentioned 
by other observers. 
4 Cuvier and Savigny have known, and often 
figured the female organs of the Ascidiae. ‘Those 
of both sexes have been figured by Milne Edwards 
(Observ. sur les Ascid. comp. p. 21, Pl. III. fig. 1, 
2a, IL. fig. 1, 3) with Clavelina, Amaroucium, 
and Polyclinum. The testicle of Phallusia and 
Rhopal is quite peculiar. It ists of a white 
moultiramose canal widely spread over the hepatic 
layer of the intestinal canal; while the ovary al- 
ways lies in a loop of the intestine ; see Delle Chi- 
aje, Memor. III. p. 192, Tav. XLV. fig. 16, i.,and 
Descriz. &c. IIL. p. 27, Tav. LXXXII. fig. 18, 
LXXXIV. fig. 1, i. (Phallusia intestinalis and 
