§$ 228. THE CEPHALOPHORA. 263 
In the genus Chiton, the male and female genital gland is long and lob- 
ulated ; il lies over the other viscera, and, from each side of its posterior 
extremity, passes out a short excretory duct which opens upon the border 
of the mantle. 
With Patella, and Haliotis, this gland is covered by the liver, and its 
single duct passes in front and opens near the anus, at the right with the 
first of these genera, and at the left with the second.” 
2. In the second section, there is a protractile penis with various Hetero- 
poda, all the Pectinibranchia,® and operculate Pulmonata. 
The Ovary, or the testicle, always lies concealed at the base of the visce- 
ral sac between the liver, and its excretory duct, as Tuba Fallopii or Vas 
deferens, passes on to and accompanies the rectum during the remainder of 
its course. 
The oviduct opens near and often a little behind the anus, and, with the 
Heteropoda, has frequently several glandular appendages ; while, with the 
Gasteropoda, the portion accompanying the rectum is dilated into a kind 
of uterine tube which has glandular walls. From the walls of this tube 
are secreted, without doubt, the often very regular envelopes with which 
the eggs of many Pectinibranchia are surrounded.” In this last-men- 
tioned order, there hasas yet very rarely been found an albumen-gland ora 
receptacle of the sperm which communicates with the uterus.® 
found, in the posterior region of the body, and in 
the greenish-brown liver, a yellowish-brown gland- 
ular body, containing active spermatic particles, 
and very large caudate cells enclosing undeveloped 
spermatic particles, from which passed off a long 
excretory duct opening near the anus, without the 
appearance of any penis. This apparatus is un- 
doubtedly a male genital organ. 
The other individuals, in which I could find no 
spermatic part ticles, were the females. The details 
by Rippell (Mém. d. 1. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. a Stras- 
bourg, I. p. 3, fig. 4), and by Carus (Museum Senck- 
enberg, II. P 199, Taf. XII. fig. 8) upon the geni- 
tal organs of Magilus antiquus, render probable 
the separation of its sexes also ; but it is doubtful 
if the males have a penis, as Ruppell says, for it is 
dificult to comprehend how copulation can take 
place with this animal which lives buried in the co- 
ralla of the Madreporina, any more than with the 
Vermetus which are fixed upon stones. But Ca- 
rus declares that he has seen, instead of a penis, an 
indistinct papilla on the neck of Magilus. The 
ovary, which, according to Deshayes (loc. cit. p. 
334, Pl. XV. fig. 8, f., or Isis, 1832, p. 469, Taf. 
VI. fig. 12, f.), fills almost entirely the cavity of the 
body with Dentalium, will probably, after more 
careful research, prove, with many individuals, to 
be a testicle. 
2 See Cuvier, Mém. loc. cit. p. 24, Pl. ITT. fig. 
10, 18, or Isis, 1819, p. 734, Taf. XI. ‘fg. 10, 18. 
3 See Cuvier, Mém. loc. “cit. p. 12-18, Pl. i. fig. 
11, e. 14, ie or Isis, 1819, p. 728, 731, ‘haf. XI. fig. 
11, e. 14, 1 
4 The st Littorina is the only one which con= 
tains hermaphrodite sp 3 here the vol 
with individuals preserved in alcohol, must be more 
carefully studied before it can be decided if they 
are the analogue of an uterus, seminal sac, &c. 
6 See Cuvier, Mém. loc. cit. fig. 2,3, h.; T're= 
viranus, Zeitsch. f. Physiol. I. p. 32, Taf. 1V. fig. 
21; Paasch, in 1 Wiegmann’s Arch. 1843, I. p. 100, 
Tat. V. fig. 8 (P i i a) and L. iblein, in 
Heusinger’s Zeitsch. I. p. 32, Taf. I. fig. 6 (Mu- 
rez). Quoy and Gaimard have furnished many 
facts on this point (loc. cit., or Isis, 1834, 1836). 
With Strombus lambis, they have described a fur- 
row which arises from the female genital orifice, 
and passes along the right side of the foot. 
7 These envelopes or capsules filled with eggs are 
cylindrical, pyriform, infundibuliform, and some- 
times pedunculated. They are attached singly or 
in groups to objects, and sometimes are aggregated 
in considerably-sized masses around a common 
axis. Often they open by a special fissure, which, 
in some species, has a particular operculum ; see 
Lund, in Ann. d. Sc. Nat. I. 1834, p. 84, Pl. VI.,. 
or Froriep’s Not. No. 881, 882, and D’Orbigny, 
in Ann. d. Sc. Nat. XVII. 1842, p. 117. Such 
@ mass, arranged around an axis, in which the 
eggs of Janthina are deposited, and which is 
carried about with them a long time attached to. 
their foot, was long regarded as an enigmatical 
body under the name of Spuma cartilaginea, and, 
by some naturalists, has been even considered as a 
modified operculum of the shell ; see Lund, loc. cit. 
fig. 23; Lesson, in the Voy. de la Coquille. Zool. 
IL., or Isis, 1833, p. 184, Taf. I. fig. 1; and Delle 
Chiaje, Descriz. Il. p. 108, Tav. LXVII. fig. 1, 2. 
8 With Paludina vivipara, there isan albumen- 
penis, having a longitudinal furrow, projects under 
the right tentacle (Quoy and Gaimard, Voy. de 
PAstrolabe, Zool., or Isis, 1834, p. 299). 
5 The genital organs of the Heteropoda are yet 
little known, and what has been said in the text 
relates only to Carinaria. Among the two to four 
deep-colored appendages of the vagina of Carina- 
Tia mediterranea, may be especially distinguished 
a spiral tube containing internally transverse gland- 
ular folds (see Delle Chiaje, Memor. II. p. 208, 
Tav. XV. fig. 5, 6, and Descriz. II. p. 97.).. These 
appendages, the existence of which I have verified 
gland b h the last convolution of the intestine 
(See Treviranus, loc. cit. p. 31, Taf. IV. fig. 21, u., 
and my observations in Miiller’s Arch. 1836, p. 
243). In this same species, the bottom of the uterus 
communicates by a large orifice with a sessile Re- 
ceptaculum seminis in which I have always 
found, after copulation, numerous active spermatic 
particles (Mzller’s Arch. 1836, p. 244). This sac 
for fecundation appears to be absent with all the 
other Pectinibranchia, and Berkeley (Zool. Jour. 
II. 1829, p. 278, or Isis, 1830, p. 1264) could not 
find it with the ‘females of C. 'yclostoma. 
