§ 242. THE CEPHALOPODA. 279 
dian line of the body until it reaches the base of the large fin-muscles, situ- 
ated at the extremity of the body. 
With Nautilus, numerous filaments arise from the posterior ganglionic 
band, and, without forming a ganglion, are distributed to the two muscles 
of the shell. From their origin, they may be regarded as the representatives 
of the pallial nerves of the other Cephalopoda.” 
Another pair of nerves corresponding to the Pneumogastric nerves of the 
Vertebrata, arises from the middle of the inferior cerebral mass, between 
the two pallial nerves, descends along the neck behind the funnel, the pos- 
terior wall of which it pierces, and thence passes under the peritoneum ; 
here it sends several nerves to the ink-sac, and then ramifies upon the heart, 
the large vascular trunks, the branchial hearts, and the branchiae. Both 
of these nerves have ganglia, here and there, in their net-works,” and these 
net-works communicate probably with the Plexus splanchnicus posterior. 
§ 242. 
The Splanchnic nervous system is particularly developed with the Ce- 
phalopoda. It may be divided into an anterior and a posterior plexus.” 
The Plexus splanchnicus anterior consists of a Ganglion pharyngeum 
inferius, situated under the cesophagus sending filaments forwards to the 
parts of the mouth, and backwards to the cesophagus, and connecting 
at the same time with the inferior cerebral mass by two commissures.” 
With the Loligina, there is, beside, opposite this ganglion, a Ganglion 
pharyngeum superius, which, also, sends several filaments to the parts of the 
mouth, gives off two filaments to the inferior cesophageal ganglion, and 
appears to connect, likewise, with the superior cerebral mass, 
The Plexus splanchnicus posterior is characterized by a large Ganglion 
gastricum lying upon the stomach. From this, filaments pass off in differ- 
ent directions to the other viscera, and it receives two filaments of commu- 
nication, which, after having arisen from the inferior pharyngeal ganglion, 
accompany the oesophagus through the oesophageal ring. 
5 Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. XCV. (25) and CI. 
(30), (Loligo). The two parallel nerves which, with 
Loligopsis, extend backwards along the inferior 
dorsal surface of the mantle belong also to this class 
of nerves. Grant (loc. cit. p. 21, Pl. II. fig. 5, 6), 
has compared them to the spinal marrow of Verte- 
brata. With Onychoteuthis, I have also seen the 
two nerves of the fins running along the internal 
surface of the mantle, while with Loligo, as Delle 
Chiaje has indicated in his Tay. CI. (30), they af- 
terwards pass into the muscular layer of the man- 
tle and continue. their course between it and the 
skin, sending off fil ts to the two of the 
fins. 
6 Owen, On the Nautilus, p. 38, Pl. VI. fig. 1, 
No. 18, or, Isis, p. 32, Taf. IV. 7, fig. 1, or, Ann. d. 
Sc. Nat. p. 137, Pl. III. fig. 4, No. 13. 
7 These two nerves, analogous to the Par vagum, 
have been observed by all the Anatomists of these 
animals ; see Cuvier Mém. p. 386, Pl. I. fig. 4, «. 
(Octopus) ; Brandt, loc. cit. Tab. XXXII. fig. 3, 
g- and fig. 23, k.; Owen, Cyclop. loc. cit. I. fig. 
232, c. (Sepia); Van Beneden, loc. cit. p. 18, Pl. 
I. fig. 7, h. Pl. IIL. fig. 5, k. and Pl. IV. r. (Argo- 
nauta); Owen, On the Nautilus, Pl. VII. fig. 1, 
No. 15, or, Isis, Taf. IV. 7, fig. 1, or Ann. d. 8c. 
Nat. Pl. III. fig. 4, No. 16 (Nautilus) ; and Delle 
Chiaje, loc. cit. Tay. XCV. (25), C. (31), and CII. 
(29), (Loligo, Sepia, and Octopus). 
_1 For the sympathetic nervous system see Brandt, 
Ueber die Mundmagennerven der Evertebraten, 
loc. cit. p. 40. 
2 Brandt, Mediz. Zool. IL. p. 309, Taf. XXXII. 
fig. 23, 3; Owen, Cyclop. loc. cit. fig. 232 (Sepia); 
Van Beneden, loc. cit. p. 16, Pl. II. fig. 6 (Argo- 
nauta); Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. Tav. XCV. C.-CII. 
(25, 29-31), (Loligo, Sepia, and Octopus). 
3 Brandt, Owen, and Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. 
(Sepia and Loligo). 
4 Van Beneden, loc. cit. Pl. II. fig. 1-£, ara 
Pl. IV. (Argonauta); Brandt, loc. cit. Taf. 
XXXII. fig. 3,20; and Delle Chiaje, loc. cit. 
Tay. C. (81), and CII. (29), (Sepia and Loligo). 
