$$ 248, 249. 
THE CEPHALOPODA. 
285 
CHAPTER VI. 
DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 
§ 248, 
The mouth of the Cephalopoda® is always surrounded by the arms, 
(which serve partly as prehensile organs), and by a circular fleshy lip which 
is fringed or denticulate on its free border. 
ternally by a thin cutaneous fold having a crucial opening. 
It is, moreover, covered ex- 
With the 
Loligina, there is, beside, a third external lip, arising as a cutaneous fold 
from the base of the arms; it has an heptagonal, rarely an octagonal, 
opening, from the angles of which project longer or shorter tentacular 
prolongations.” With Nautilus, this lip is extraordinarily developed, — 
having four considerable prolongations provided with long tentacles. 
Behind these lips is a round pharynx, very fleshy, and armed with two 
blackish-brown, horny jaws, which move against each other vertically. 
Upon each of these jaws are two large lateral branches which join at an 
acute angle, thus forming a hooked point. ‘The edges of these jaws being 
very sharp, the whole has the form of a reversed parrot’s-beak, for, the 
edges of the lower jaw project far beyond those of the upper.” The 
pharynx is enveloped by a very complicated muscular apparatus, which 
arises in part from the cephalic cartilage, and moves the jaws as well as 
serves in producing the protraction and retraction of the pharynx. 
Between the two branches of the lower jaw is a Tongue, which is fleshy, 
and resembles a long swelling adherent to the floor of the oral cavity. 
Upon its anterior extremity are soft gustatory papillae, and over the rest 
of its surface there are horny lamellae arranged in regular longitudinal 
rows, and golden-yellow spines which point backwards. Its posterior 
extremity is often folded over, thereby forming a kind of cavity, the open- 
ing of which is directed backwards, and continuous with a semi-canal lead- 
ing into the cesophagus. 
§ 249. 
The intestinal canal of the Cephalopoda is wholly without ciliated epi- 
1 [have been unable to find in Hectocotylus tre- 
moctopodis, the orifice which Cuvier (Aun. d. Se. 
Nat. loc. cit. p. 151, fig. 1, 3, 4. f.. or Jsis, 1832, 
p. 560, Taf. [X., or Froriep’s Notiz. loc. cit. p. 8, 
fig..16, 18, 19, f) has regarded as a mvuth with 
Hectocotylus octopodis; and as Kélliker (loc. cit.) 
says nothing about a digestive apparatus with 
these animals, I suspect that it is wanting here, 
nutrition taking place by cutaneous absorption 
while these bodies are in the mantles of their 
females. 
2 See Férussac, loc. cit. the figures for Sepia, 
Loligo, Sepioteuthis, Onychoteuthis, and Om- 
mastrephes. 
3 See § 248. 
4 Cuvier, Mém. p. 25, Pl. ITI. fig. 6; Savigny, 
Descript. de l’Hzypte, loc. cit. P} I.; Delle Chiaje, 
"Joc. cit. Tav. LX. (10) fig. 9; Wagner, Icon. root. 
Tab . fig. 18; and the numerous figures 
given by Férussac, loc. cit. According to Owen 
(On the Nautilus, p. 20, Pl. VIII. or Isis, p. 18, Taf. 
I. or Ann. d. Sc. Nat. p. 109, PLIV.),with Vautilus, 
the extremities of the jaws are covered with a blu- 
ish-white calcareous substance, and the border of 
the lower jaw is denticulated ; but Valenciennes 
(loc. cit. p. 279, Pl. XI. fig. 1, 2) has not con- 
firmed these observations. 
5 For this muscular apparatus, see Cuvier, loc. 
cit. Pl. III. fig. 8-5, and Anat. comp. V. p. 9 
(Octopus) ; and Owen, loc. cit. (Nautilus). 
6 Needham, Nouv. Decouy., luc. cit. p. 28, Pl. 
IIL. fig. 1; Brandt, loc. cit. p. 305, XXXII. fig. 
6-10 ; Savigny, loc. cit. Pl. 1.5 Férussac, loc. cit. 
Octopus, Pl. III. Argonauta, Pl. IV. Sepia, Pi. 
IV.; Owen, On the Nautilus, p. 22, Pl. VIII. fig. 
6, 7, or Isis, p. 19, Taf. I1. or Ann. d. Sc. Nat. p. 
118, Pl. IV.; and Valenciennes, toc. cit. p. 230, 
Pl. X. fig. 3, 4. : 
