$ 258. THE CEPHALOPODA. 295 
wide apart, in the region of the base of the branchiae.© When there is 
only a single oviduct, it terminates always on the left side. With most 
of the Octopoda, the oviducts, at near the middle of their course, traverse 
a round glandular body, the internal surface of which is longitudinally pli- 
cated ; from this point to their extremity, they are covered with analogous 
glandular folds.” This glandular body is absent with the Loligina, but the 
walls of their oviduct become thick and glandular before terminating.® It 
is very probable that this glandular apparatus furnishes the materials of the 
various envelopes of the eggs after their escape from the ovary. 
There is another peculiar glandular apparatus (Nidamental glands) hay- 
ing no direct connection with the genital organs, which consists of two hol- 
low, pyriform, whitish bodies, situated upon the ink-sac of the female Loli- 
gina. These bodies have a lamellated structure and their obtuse extremity 
extends forwards; they open near the genital orifice.© Sometimes, 
directly in front of these glands, there is another gland, simple or double 
(accessory nidamental gland), of a reddish color, lobulated posteriorly, com- 
posed of coeca, but apparently without any excretory duct.” This whole 
glandular apparatus secretes, perhaps, a substance with which the eggs are 
. coated as they pass from the oviduct, and which serves to glue them to 
foreign bodies. 
The deposited eggs (spawn) are always surrounded with envelopes and 
prolongations of various forms, by which they are bound together and 
attached to submarine bodies. Thus, those of Sepia are enclosed, each, in a 
black, oval capsule, composed of several horny layers, which is prolonged 
at one of its extremities into a short, cleft peduncle, by which the eggs are 
attached, singly or in groups, to marine plants ;“” but those of the Loligina 
are united by a colorless gelatinous substance into a chaplet, and are 
enclosed, moreover, each, in a special capsule one of the extremities of which 
has a small peduncle; thus arranged, they form large masses floating free 
5 With Octopus, Eledone, Tremoctopus, and 
Loligo sagittata, there are two oviducts; see 
Cuvier, Mém. Pl. I. fig. 1, q. q. Pl. IL. fig. 1, r. r.5 
Mayer, Analekten, Taf, V. fig. Li if £5 Ferus- 
sac, loc. cit. Octopus, Pl. XV. fig. 2, l. 1; Carus, 
Erliuterungstaf, Hft. V. Taf. II. fig. 7, h. h.; 
Wagner, Icon. zoot. Tab. XXIX. fig. 20 m. m.; 
Owen, Trans. of the Zool. Soc. Il. p. 121, and 
Cyclop. I. p. 558. With Argonauta, these two 
oviducts are very long and fiexuous ; see Delle 
Chiaje, Descriz. Tav. XIV. fig. 1, z.n.; and Van 
Beneden, loc. cit. Pl. V. fig. 1, 2; Ferussac, loc. 
cit. Argonauta, Pl. I. 4 fig. 2, s. 8.* 
6 Such is the case with Nautilus pompilius 
(Owen, loc. cit.), Loligo vulgaris (Carus, Er- 
Muterungstaf. Hft. V. Taf. IT. fig. 10, m. 1.), Sepia 
officinalis, Sepioteuthis, Rossia, &c. According 
to Rathké (Mém. @. St. Pétersburg, loc. cit. p. 161, 
Pl. Il. fig. 10. p. q.), the simple oviduct of Loli- 
gopsis passes directly to the posterior part of the 
body and terminates at the ventral median line 
between the two fins. 
It is, however, desirable that this remarkable 
exception to the general rule should be confirmed 
by other anatomists, for Grant (loc. cit.) is wholly 
silent upon the course of the oviduct in the females 
of Loligopsis which he examined. 
7 With Octopus, Eledone, and Tremoctopus, 
each oviduct has such a glandular enlargement, 
but it is entirely wanting with Argonauta ; see 
Cuvier, Mém. p. 32, Pl. IV. fig. 6, g.; Ferus- 
sac, loc. cit. Octopus, Pl. XV. fig. 9, 10.; Mayer, 
Analekten, Taf. V. fig. 1, g. h. (Octopus: ; Delle 
Chiaje, Descriz. Tav. XV. fig. 1, n. Tav. XVI. fig. 
6; and Wagner, Icon. zoot. Tab. XXIX. fig. 20, n. 
n. (Tremoctopus and Eledone). 
8 This is so with Lodigo, Sepia, Sepioteuthis, 
Sepiola, &c.; see Owen, Trans. &c. II. p 121, 
Pl. XXI. fig. 18, e. (Rossia). With Nautilus, the 
very short oviduct has glandular walls in its whole 
extent (Owen, loc. cit.). 
9 See Swammerdamm,Bib. d Natur. p. 354, Taf. 
LIE. fig. 10, g. g.; Brandt, loc. cit, p 310, Taf. 
XXXII. fig. 25, k. 1, fig. 28-31 (Sepia); Delle 
Chiaje, Mém. IV. p. 102, and Descriz. I. p. 37, 
Corpi adiposi, Tav. LVIII. (12), fig. 10, a., 11, e.: 
Peters, in Muller’s Arch. 1842, p. 335, Taf. XVI. 
fig. 6, f. f. (Sepiola) ; Owen, Trans. of the Zool. 
Soc. IE. Pl. XXI. fig. 18, g. g. (Rossia). 
10 With Sepia, and Sepiola, this gland is single, 
and divided by deep fissures into three lobes (see 
the figures cited in the preceding note, and Owen. 
Trans. &c. loc. cit. Pl. XXI. fig. 19, 20); with 
Loligo, and Rossia, it is double, and each is di- 
vided into two lobes (Owen, Ibid. Pl. XXI. fig. 18. 
h. h.). 
i Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. du Mus. d@’Hist. Nat. I- 
1832, p. 153, Pl.-V1II. fig. 14; Carus, Erliuter- 
ungstaf. Hft. III. Taf II. fig. 16; Owen (Cyclop. 
loc. cit. p. 560, fig. 244), and Kélliker, Entwickel, 
&e. p. 14. 
* ( § 258, note 5.] See also Milne Edwards, Régne anim. loc. cit. Pl. 1». 1c, n, (Octopus). — Ep. 
