298 THE CEPHALOPODS. $$ 260, 261. 
still at the bottom of the female genital organs; for, later, the action of the 
sperm would be obstructed by their solid envelopes. It must, therefore, be 
supposed that the sperm is carried from the cavity of the mantle into the 
ovarian capsule, either by means of the anti-peristaltic movements of the 
oviduct, or by the aid of the aquiferous system.” 
§ 260. 
With the individuals hitherto known as the Hectocotyli, the genital organs 
occupy a space disproportionably large to the size of the body. The round, 
smooth enlargement on their posterior extremity is a genital capsule, with 
thin walls, and containing the sperm and the copulatory organs. The 
sperm forms a long, moniliform, clustered string, composed of thick oval 
bundles of spermatic particles, regularly bound together by fasciculi of 
hair-like spermatic particles. In this clustered string are included, also, 
the Ductus ejaculatorius and the very long and retractile penis. With 
Tremoctopus violaceus, this penis sometimes projects between the fifth of 
the posterior pair of suckers, as a small cylindrical, folded prolongation. 
§ 261. 
The Development of the Cephalopoda is almost without analogy, and, 
from the remotest times, has excited the curiosity of Naturalists; but it is 
only very recently that it has been correctly understood and followed from 
its first stages.” 
After the disappearance of the germinative vesicle, the vitellus divides ; 
but this segmentation is only partial. Usually, at the acute extremity of the 
vitellus, where the germinative vesicle is found, there appears a small 
elevation from the vitelline mass, divided into halves by a furrow. Hach 
& According to Kélliker (Entwickel. &c. p. 11), 
the eggs are fecundated while yet contained in the 
ovarian capsule. 
1 See Hectocotylus octopodis, in Ann. d. Sc. 
Nat. loc. cit. fig. 1-3, b. 
2 [ have so observed it with the males of Tremoc- 
topus violaceus ; and Dujardin, also (Hist. Nat. 
d. Helminth. p. 482), has observed a smooth cord 
composed of capillary spermatic particles with 
Hectocotylus octopodis, Cuv. 
I am uncertain as to the origin of this cord, but, 
in the specimens preserved in alcohol, which I have 
examined, it appeared probable that it was prima- 
rily contained in the deferent or in the testicular 
canal. 
3 The Ductus ejaculatorius of Tremoctopus 
violaceus, which is gradually continuous into the 
penis, begins by a well-marked, clavate thickening, 
projecting into the genital capsule, and apparently 
perforated at its upper extremity, at which point, 
perhaps, the sperm enters. Near the end of the 
penis, this canal hus, over a considerable extent, 
small horny tubercles, and it is probable that this 
portion can be everted, thus allowing the possi- 
bility of an intimate union with the female organs. 
I am unable to say whether this is so with the other 
Hectocotyli. The penis of Hectocotylus argo- 
nautae, according to a figure of Delle Chiaje (loc. 
cit. Tav. XVI. fig. 1, a), and Costa (loc. cit. Pl. 
XIII. fig. 24, c), projects from the posterior ex- 
tremity of the body ; but it may be, that with the 
specimens examined by these naturalists, this organ 
had become free from an accidental rent of the 
genital capsule. 
1 Aristotle (Hist. Animal. lib. V. cap. 16, 4), 
and in the last century, Cavolini (Abhandl. tiber 
die Erzeugung der Fische u. d. Krebse, 1792, p. 54) 
had already declared that, with Sepia, the vitelline 
sac is situated on the head of the embryo, and, as 
it were, hanging from the mouth ; but it is only 
latterly that this statement has been thoroughly 
verified ; see Froriep, Das Thierreich, Abth. V. 
1806, p. 28, fig. 8-10 ; Carus, Erlauterungstaf. Hft. 
IIL. 1831, p. 10, Taf. IL. fig. 16-303 Cuvier, Sur 
les oeufs de Seiche, in the Nouv. Ann. du Mus. I. 
1832. p. 153, Pl. VIII. fig. 6-14, also in abstract 
in Ann. d. Sc. Nat. XX VI. 1832, p. 69, or Froriep’s 
Notiz. XXXIV. p. 199; Coldstream, On the foetus 
of Sepia officinalis, in the Lond. and Edinb. philos. 
Magaz. Oct. 1833, or Froriep’s Notiz. XX XIX. p. 
6 ; Duges, Note sur le développement de Vembryon 
chez les Mollusques céphalopodes, in Ann. d. Sc. 
Nat. VIII. 1837, p. 107, Pl. V., or Froriep’s neue 
Notiz. VII. p. 209, fig. 3-9.; D’Orbigny, in Férus- 
sac, loc. cit. Loligo, Pl. X. fig. 3-6 ; Van Beneden, 
Recherches sur l’embryogénie des Sépioles, in the 
Nouv, Mém. de l’Acad. de Bruxelles, XIV. 1841, 
Pl. 1.3 Delle Chiaje, Descriz. I. p. 38, Tav. VI. 
fig. 6, 7 (Sepia), Tav. XIV. fig. 14-24 (Argonau- 
ta), and Tav. XXIX. fig. 2-5 (Sepiola). But the 
first phases of their development remained unob- 
served, until Kéllzker, in 1844, filled this deficiency 
by his masterly work — Entwickelungsgeschich- 
te der Cephalopoden. 
