848 THE CRUSTACEA. § 290. 
and formed in the two lateral pouches of the stomach of the Astacus fluvi- 
atilis.” As they are not observed during the whole year, but only just 
before the moulting, and as, when this process occurs, they pass from the 
cast-off stomach into the cavity of the new one, it may be inferred that 
they are in some way connected with the act of ecdysis, and that if the lateral 
pouches of the stomach secrete from the blood the excess of caltareous 
salts, it is in order that these last may be subsequently used for the for- 
mation of the new shell. 
The caustic, brown fluid, which most Myriapoda, when touched, emit from 
a row of orifices situated on the sides of the segments of the body (Fora- 
mina repugnatoria), and which exhales an odor like that of chlorine, is 
secreted by small, pyriform, glandular follicles, situated immediately 
beneath the skin. Its use is, perhaps, for the lubrication of the articula- 
tions of the segments of the body. 
In the following chapter will be mentioned many other glandular organs 
connected with the genital functions. 
CHAPTER IX. 
ORGANS OF GENERATION. 
§290. 
The Crustacea reproduce by Male and Female Organs, situated in differ- 
ent individuals, and have, for the most part, copulatory organs. 
Nevertheless, the Cirripedia form an exception in this respect, being 
hermaphrodites; while, on the other side, many Entomostraca differ from 
the general rule, in their species being almost exclusively females, which 
produce, during many successive generations, individuals exclusively of the 
female sex, and. only at long intervals, those of the male sex.” 
1 See Suckow, loc. cit. p. 53, Taf. X. fig. 10, 11, 
e. This author is mistaken in supposing that those 
green glandular bodies mentioned in connection | 
with the" organs of hearing (§ 276), secrete the 
“ Crabs-eyes.” See also Brandt, Medic. Zool. II. 
p. 63, Taf. XI. fig. 8, 9, c. ; 
2 For the nature of these crahs-eyes, see the re- 
searches of Baer (Muller's Arch. 18834, p. 510) and 
Oesterlen, Ibid. 1840, p. 432. 
3 Treviranus (Verm. Schrift. II. p. 42, Taf. 
VIII. fig. 4, f. f. fig. 5, d. e.) has regarded these 
organs as respiratory with Judus, while Savé (Isis, 
1823, p. 218, Taf. II. fig. 1, 13, 14, a. b.), and 
Burmeister (Ibid. 1834, p. 136, Taf. I. fig. 1, a. a.) 
have well perceived that they are cutaneous glands. 
According to Waga (Revue Zool. 1839, No. 3, p. 
76, or in Wiegmann’s Arch. 1840, II. p. 350), 
Polydesmus, Platyulus, and Geophilus electri- 
cus, have, upon the sides of the body, analogous 
glands, out of which this last Myriapod emits a 
* [§ 289, note 3.] These odoriferous glands 
have been successfully studied by Leidy (Proc. 
Acad. Sc. Philad. 1840, IV. p. 235) with Julus. 
flere, they consist of a globular body or sac, with 
an elongated conical neck, and resemble in form a 
There is, 
luminous liquid. Brandt (Recueil, &c., p. 154, 
157) has observed, with Glomeris, that these fol- 
licles are situated, in pairs, on the dorsal surface 
of each segment of the body.* 
1 This is so with the Daphnioidae, Cypridoidae, 
and Apodidae. In the second of these groups, the 
males are so rare, that these Entomostraca have 
been taken for hermaphrodites, and Straus (loc, 
cit. p. 52, Pl. I. fig. 15) has said that if this was 
really the case, he regarded as testicles two long 
cylindrical problematical bodies which he had ob- 
served with all the females of Cypris. In the 
genus Apus, no individuals which can with cer- 
tainty be regarded as males, have been found. 
Berthold (Isis, 1830, p. 693) has taken the 
red ampullae found with these Crustacea for 
testicles ; but, as I have already remarked, these 
ampullae are only branchial lamellae filled with 
blood during the dying of the animal. (See § 286, 
note 5.) 
florence flask with the mouth drawn to a point. 
This sac is composed of « basement membrane 
lined with a single layer of secreting cells. The 
neck of the glands has muscular bands. — Ep. 
