$ 291. THE CRUSTACEA. 851 
With very many Crustacea, the sperm, at its emission, is contained in 
capsules (Spermatophores). 
I. Hermaphrodite Crustacea. 
§ 291. 
With the Cirripedia, the male and female genital organs are quite re- 
noved from each other. With the Lepadea, the ovaries are lodged in the 
upper extremity of the peduncle and in the midst of the spongy substance, 
filling its cavity.” They consist of ramified caeca, while with the Balano- 
odea, the ovarian follicles are situated between the lamellae of the mantle. ® 
With the Lepadea, the canal which extends from the lower extremity of 
the shell into the peduncle and communicates by a narrow opening with the 
cavity of the mantle, may properly be regarded’ as an oviduct. But new 
researches are required to show by what means the eggs of the Balanodea 
reach this same cavity, for, as is the case with the Lepadea, they remain 
there until the embryos are fully formed. These eggs, of a blue or yellow 
color, are always intimately glued together, and form, after the laying, a 
large sheet or layer which, with the Balanodea, is applied to the internal 
surface of the mantle, and often retained there by the branchial lamellae ; 
while with the Lepadea, it covers, bonnet-like, the rounded portion of the 
body. 
The Testicles are composed of numerous ramified follicles spread out be- 
tween the skin and the two sides of the digestive canal. They join from 
the right and left into two very long and tubular Vasa deferentia which 
accompany, serpentinely, the alimentary canal to the anus, and then blend 
together, forming a more narrow Ductus ejaculatorius. As this last trav- 
erses the whole tail and opensat its extremity, it has been usually regard- 
1 Burmeister (Beitr. p. 46), and Wagner (Mil- 
der’s Aych. 1834, p. 469, Taf. VIII. fig. 10), were 
the first to notice the ovarian follicles of the foot of 
the Lepadea, the first with Otion, the second with 
Lepas. Martin St. Ange (loc. cit. p. 20, Pl. I. 
fig. 10, 11) has verified this fact with this last ge- 
nus. I have found them also in the foot of Cine- 
ras, and I will remark that in the remaining spongy 
substance of this foot, there are other round nucle- 
ated bodies which appear to be solid concretions, 
and should not be confounded with the germs. 
2 The ovaries of the Balanodea are more difficult 
of study than those of the Lepadea, probably be~ 
figures). The nuclear appearance is due, some- 
times to a depression in the body (as with Astacus), 
sometimes to a plastic membrane lying about one of 
the spinous processes (as with Pilumnus), all 
made prominent by the refraction of the light ; see 
my researches in the Proceed. Boston Soc. Nat. 
Hist. IV. p. 258. 
In regard to the spermatic particles of the Ento- 
mostraca, I have examined those of Cypris, Cy- 
clops,and Daphnia. They are developed, as usual, 
in special cells —are exceedingly minute, and in 
form closely resemble those of the Araneae ; consist- 
ing of an arcuate rod to which is attached a short 
‘but very delicate tail. My results, therefore, do 
mot agree with those above-mentioned. 
cause they are scattered in the walls of the mantle, 
and consequently scarcely visible, especially when 
empty. It is undoubtedly on this account that 
Poli (Testac. utriusq. Sicil. &c. I. p.19, 28, Tab. 
IV. fig. 13,,.x. x. Tab. V. fig. 18, 15) has taken for 
ovaries, with a Balanus, the testicular follicles, al- 
though he distinctly saw and has figured the ovari- 
an follicles in another species of this same genus. 
3 This canal, regarded as an oviduct by Wagner 
oc. cit.), had already been mentioned by Cuvier 
Mém. loc. cat. p. 4, fig. 4). 
4 With Ba/anus, the layers of eggs form usually 
two large discs (Po/i, loc. cit. Tab. LV. fig. 18, c. c.). 
The whole subject of the spermatic particles of 
the Crustacea is sadly deficient in well-authenti- 
cated observations, and particles and cell-like forms 
are constantly described as spermatic particles, 
which, according to all the laws of Spermatology 
as yet known, cannot be such. It should be re- 
membered that the spermatic particle is never a 
cell, but is the metamorphosed nucleus of a cell ; it 
is, therefore, always a more or less solid vorpuscle 
(whatever be its form, &c.), and to wkich, moreover, 
there may be attached one or more appendages 
— Ep. 
