852 
ed asa Penis.” The length and mobility of this tail is such that it can be 
used, with the Cirripedia, as a copulatory organ, and, being brought in 
contact with the orifice of the oviducts, which is situated on the mantle, 
self-impregnation may thus take place.* 
THE CRUSTACEA. § 292. 
If. Female Crustacea. 
§ 292. 
The female genital organs of the Siphonostoma and Lophyropoda consist 
nearly always of two long and sometimes flexuous ovarian pouches, situated 
on both sides of the digestive canal. The oviducts pass backwards and 
terminate on both sides of the end of the body by separate orifices, or by 
a single genital opening on the median line. With those species whose 
body has a tail, these orifices are not situated like the anus, at its extrem- 
ity, but at its base. Very often, they serve as the outlets of the excre- 
tory ducts of two caecal organs which secrete a viscous substance by which 
the eggs are glued together in clusters or chaplets.” Not unfrequently, 
there. are hook-like or capsular appendages near the genital openings, for 
the retention of these clusters. 
But these are wanting with the Daphni- 
oidae, there being in their place an incubating cavity, situated between the 
5 Cuvier (Mém. loc. cit. p. 9, fig. 8) has taken, 
with Lepas, the testicles for the ovaries, and the 
Vasa deferentia for the testicles. ‘This error could 
not be rectified until the discovery of the true 
ovaries (see Burmeister, Beitr. luc. cit. p. 33, . 
Taf. IL. fig. 16; Wagner, in Muller’s Arch. loc. 
cit. p. 469, Taf. VIII. fig. 8 ; and Martin St. Ange, 
Joc. cit. p. 21, Pl. IL. Lepas). It is more singular 
to see Goodsir (Edinb. New Philos. Jour. 1843, Ju- 
ly, p. 88, Pl. ILL. IV. or Ann, d. Sc. Nat. I. 1844, 
p. 107, Pl. XV. C. or Froriep’s neue Notiz. No. 
651, 1844, p. 193), endeavor to confuse this ques-- 
tion by declaring the hermaphrodite animals of 
Balanus to be females which carry, in the cavity of 
their mantle, dwar fish and abortively-formed males. 
Very probably those so-called males are parasitic 
Crustacea, as Kélliker (Schweiz. Denks. loc. cit. p. 
33) has supposed. 
1 The female genital organs are completely double 
with the Penellina, the Lernaeodea, the Ergasilina 
and the Caligina; see Nordmann, loc. cit. p. 6, 
Tai. I. fig. 4, Taf. V. fig. 7, Taf. VI. tig. .10 (Lam- 
proglena, Achtheres and Peniculus) ; Goodsir, 
* [§ 291, end.] That the Cirripedia are not uni- 
versully hermaphrodites, was first discovered hy 
Goodsir (Ed. New Phil. Jour. XXXV. p. 88), up- 
on Balanus balaenoides. The mile is very small, 
and it is not strange that it before eluded observa-~ 
tion. 
Darwin has made some researches, lately, with 
a similar result in some respects. Exceptions to 
the rule were found by this naturalist in the genera 
Ibla and Scalpellum. With Ibla, the males lie 
within the sac of the female, and have an elongated 
body with a pedicle below. He has also observed 
that, with these genera, there are both females 
and hermaphrodites ; and in some hermaphrodites, 
males have been observed so similar in general 
Edinb. New Philos, Jour. July 1842, p.178,or Ann. 
d. Sc. Nat. XVIII. 1842, p. 181; Kroyer, Naturb. 
Tidskr. I. Pl. VI. or Isis, 184], p. 194, Taf, L 
Tab. VI. fig. 4, C. (Caligus); and Rathké, Nov. 
Act. Nat. Cur, XIX. p. 145, Tab. XVIT. fig. 2 (Di- 
chelestium). This last-mentioned author was the 
first to notice the organs which, in various Crustacea, 
secrete the viscous matter mentioned in the text. He 
found them highly developed with the Nicothoe 
(loc. cit. XX. p. 106), where they extend, with the 
ovaries, even into the wing-like appendages of this 
parasite. The ovarian follicles of Chondracanthus, 
which are multiramose, differ very much from the 
usual form (Rathké, Ibid. XX. p. 123, Tab. V. fig. 
18). With the Cyclopidae, there is only a single 
genital opening, although the ovaries and the or- 
gaus secreting the viscous matter, are double. But 
with Argulus, the female genital organs are the 
most simple, consisting only of a single ovarian 
tube, opening at the base of the tail (Jurine, loc. 
cit. p. 448, Pl. XXVI. fig. 3).+ 
% Nordmann, loc. cit. p. 8, Taf. IL. fig. 6 (Ere 
gasilus). 
character to those of Ibla, that he considers them 
to be true males of the species with which they are 
connected. Being thus supernumeraries, he has 
termed them complemental males. As spermatic 
particles were distinctly observed in them, their 
male nature is clear, but it would not appear 
equally clear that they really belong to the genus 
_and species with which they are connected. Facts 
80 singular require further research. See Darwin, 
Monogr. &c, loc. cit. p. 207, 231. — Ep. 
+ [§ 292, note 1.} For further details on the fee 
male genital organs of Argudus, with illustrations, i 
see Leydig, loc. cit. in Siebold and Kélliker’s 
Zeitsch. II. p. 339 Taf. XIX. fig. 5,a. Taf. XX, 
fig. 8,10. — Ep. 
