$ 292. THE CRUSTACEA. 355 
With the Brachyura, the cephalothorax contains four long ovarian tubes, 
- two anterior, and two posterior. The first wind outwardly over the liver, 
and are anastomosed by a short transverse canal; while the second are 
straight, lie close to each other, and cover the anterior part of the intes- 
tine. The anterior and posterior tubes of each side unite in a short 
vagina, and, at their point of junction, open into a pyriform sac, which has 
been regarded by some as a Bursa copulatriz, and by others as a gland 
secreting the viscous substance which envelops the eggs, but which, upon a 
more careful examination of its contents, will be found to be a Recepta- 
culum seminis.. The two vaginae open near the ventral median line in the 
segment which bears the third pair of feet.“ With the other Decapoda, — 
the Anomura and the Macrura, — these sacs, just mentioned, are wanting, 
while the ovaries themselves are disposed, in general, like those of the 
Brachyura. But the genera Pagurus and Astacus, alone, form an 
exception in this respect. In the first, the two ovaries with their oviducts 
lie concealed principally beneath the dorsal surface of the tail; while in 
the second, they are aggregated in a trilobed mass in the pyloric region, 
from which pass off two short oviducts.% The female genital openings 
are situated, with the Anomura, as with nearly all the Macrura, in the 
coxal joints of the third pair of feet.0® 
With the females of all the Decapoda, the feet of all the caudal seg- 
ments are highly developed and very hairy. They serve to support the 
eggs which are glued together in clusters by a viscid substance which 
hardens in water; these clusters are attached to the bristles or hairs of 
these feet. But with the Brachyura, and Anomura, these eggs have an 
additional protection in the tail, which is folded against the body. 
The Chilognatha have only a single long and large ovarian tube, pro- 
vided with two short oviducts which are narrower, and open externally at 
two squamous bodies situated on the under surface of the third segment of 
the body. These two bodies contain two short caeca one of which is 
dilated at its base into a vesicle, and each pair opens by a common orifice 
in the vulva. 
perfectly clear, This naturalist has, moreover, re- 
garded a large part of the ovaries as venous sinus- 
-e8, and the white eggs which they contain as coagu- 
dated blood. Inorder to have a general idea of the 
disposition of the female genital organs with these 
animals, it is only necessary to cast a glance over 
Delle Chiaje’s figure (Descriz. &e. Tav. LXXXVI. 
fig. 4, b. g. g.); it is true that he has represented 
itthem as testicles, but they are perfectly exhibited, 
with the exception, however, of the anterior por- 
tion. 
12 See Cavolini, loc. cit. p. 188, Taf. II. fig. 3 
(Grapsus) ; Milne Edwards, Hist. d. Crust. I. p. 
170, Pl. XII. fig. 12, and Cyclop. loc. cit. p. 784, 
fig. 484; Carus, Erlauterungstaf. loc. cit. Heft. V. 
p. 7, Taf. IIL. fig. 7, and Erdi, Entwickel. d. 
Hummereies, p. 11 (Mata). 
13 Cavolini, loc. cit. Taf. II. fig. 2, a. (Grape - 
sus); Mitne Edwards, Hist. d. Crust, Pl. II. 
fig. 4,i.; and Carus, loc. cit. Taf. ILI. fig. 8, b. 
(Maia). s 
14 Milne Edwards, Hist. d. Crust. I. p. 171, 
and Duvernoy, in Cuvier’s Lecons, &c., loc. cit. 
VIIL. p. 349. 
15 The internal female genital organs of the craw- 
fish are represented in Roesel, loc. cit. Taf. LX. 
fig. 24, 25; in Suckow, loc. cit Taf. X. fig. 16; 
and in Brandt and Ratzeburg’s Mediz. Zool. II. 
af. XI. fig. 15. 
They represent a Receptaculum seminis.“ With the 
16 The two vulvae of the crawfish may be seen 
in the figures already cited. For those pf the 
Anomura, which, except with Pagurus, are cov- 
ered by the tail curved in front ; see Milne Ed- 
wards, Hist. d. Crust. III. p. 172, Pl. XXI. fig. 8, 
18 (Dromia and Remipes), and Arch. du Mus. II. 
Pl. XXVI. fig. 1, e. “ithodes). But the Cari- 
doidae form an exception in this respect, — their 
female genital openings being situated in the same 
places as those of the males, that is on the external 
side of the coxae of the posterior feet ; see Kroyer, 
loc. cit. p. 27, fig. 54, A. f. and fig. 97, B. g. (Hip- 
polyte). 
l/ With Pagurus, the anal feet are developed 
only on one side of the tail. 
18 Many erroneous opinions have been enter- 
tained by Zootomists on the subject of the fernale 
genital organs of the Chilognatha. Thus, T’revi- 
ranus (Verm. Schrift. II. p. 45) with Judws, and 
Brandt (Miiller’s Arch. 1837, p. 325, Taf. XII. 
fig. 8) with Glomeris, think they have observed 
double ovaries, as is also true of Stein (Miiller’s 
Arch. 1842, p. 246, 248) ; but Newport (Phil. Trans. 
1842, p. 99, or in Froriep’s neue Not. XXI. p. 161; 
see, also, Rymer Jones, Cyclop. loc. cit. p. 552, 
fig. 315, 316) has noticed only a simple ovarian 
tube with Judus, which I have been able to con- 
firm ; and as for Glomeris, Brandt (Recueil, lec. 
cit. p. 157) has himself recently perceived the same. 
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