$ 293. THE CRUSTACEA. 357 
Crustacea completely resemble, as to form and situation, the ovaries and 
oviducts of the females, except that the deferent canals are dilated, before 
their termination, into two seminal vesicles.” 
With Argulus, the males have, at the base of their last pair of feet, a 
hook which is used in copulation. But as to their internal organs, there 
are, as yet, no credible observations.” 
With the Cyclopidae, the male organs consist of a single pyriform testi- 
cle, the Vas deferens of which curves, first forwards, then backwards, and 
opens at the base of the tail on the median line. In the lower end of this 
canal, a homogeneous, cylindrical. envelope is formed around the sperm, — 
a real spermatophore, which has a narrow neck, and which the males glue 
to the vulva of the females. For effecting this last, the males have one 
or even both of their antennae incrassated at their base, and provided with 
a special article near their extremity, which gives these organs a forficulate 
character. When the male, by the aid of these antennae, has embraced 
the abdomen of the female, he bends the posterior part of his body for- 
wards, and seizes hold of the female a second time with the forficulate foot 
of the second pair, at the same time grasping, with the other and digiti- 
form foot, the spermatophore as it is escaping from the genital opening, and 
attaches it to the vulva.” 
As yet we possess only quite incomplete observations upon the males 
of Daphnioidae, Cypridoidae, and Apodidae, which are found only at cer- 
tain seasons of the year. 
3 Rathkd, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIX. p. 149, Tab. 
XVII. fig. 17. I do not know how it is with the 
males of the other Ergasilina, for as yet we know 
only the females of these animals, 
4 Jurine, who was the first to notice these 
copulatory organs of the male Argudus, says he 
perceived at the base of the penultimate pair of feet 
a vesicular swelling ining, he thinks, a fecun- 
dating liquid (Ann. du Mus. loc. cit. p. 448, PL. 
XXVIII. fig. 1, 21).* 
5 For the formation of these spermatophores with 
Cyclopsina castor, and minutus, see my Beitr. 
zur Naturg. d. wirbellosen Thiere, p. 36, Taf. IL. 
fig. 41-44, or Ann, d. Sc. Nat. XIV. 1840, p. 26, 
Pi. V. B. I have shown how their contents are 
thrust out in passing the neck by the action of a 
peculiar substance which swells when in contact 
with water. . 
6 The two antennae are thus endowed, with Cy- 
clops quadricornis, Cyclopsina minutus, and 
alpestris ; while this organization obtains with one 
antenna, only, with Cyclopsina castor, and Ano- 
malocera Patersonii ; see the figures of Miller, 
With the species yet observed, the testicles 
sina castor), and by Templeton, loc. cit. p. 37, 
PL. V. fig. 1, 18 (Anomatocera). 
7 These sper phores, the true signification of 
which was unknowm until lately, are found, often 
in the numbers of four to six, upon the same 
female, after several coitions occurring at different 
intervals ; see Miiller, loc. cit. Tab. XVI. fig. 6, 
6,.and Jurine, loc. cit. Pl. IV. fig. 6 (Cyclopsina 
castor); also Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. II. fig. 6, 9, 
and Jurine, loc. cit. Pl. VII. fig. 2,14 (Cyclop- 
sina minutus). The spermatophores of this last 
have the form of a curved horn, and become, after 
a time, of a brown color. With Cyclops quadri- 
cornis, the sperm does not appear to contain 
spermatophores at the moment of its evacuation. 
8 The males of Polyphemus, Limnadia, and 
Apus, have not yet been observed. It is said, it is 
true, that Koddar (Isis, 1834, p. 680) has discov- 
ered those of Apus cancriformis; but as yet 
nothing definite has been learned about the matter. 
At all events, the description given by Zaddach 
(loc. cit. p. 53, Taf. I. fig. 15, 16, and Taf. III. fig. 
1, P.) of the male genital organs of these Crustacea, 
Entomostraca; and Jurine, Hist. d. M : 
also Vogt, Schweiz. Denksch. loc. cit. p. 18, Taf. 
IL; and T'empleton, Trans. of the Entomol. Soc. 
Il. p. 35, Pl. V. fig. 1,5. The asymmetrical pos- 
terior pair of feet has been figured by Jurine, loc. 
cit. p. 61, Pl. IV. fig. 2, Pl. VI. fig. 11 (Cyclop- 
* [ § 293, note 4.) For the male genital organs 
of Argulus, see Leydig (loc. cit. Siebold and 
Kélliker’s Zeitsch. II. p. 341). The testicles con- 
sist of two pouch-like organs, situated, one in each 
caudal fin; they send off, each, a vas deferens 
which terminates in a seminal vesicle ; from this 
last pass off two deferent ducts which end in the 
common genital orifice. Just before reaching this 
orifice, each of these ducts is joined by another 
is unsatisf: 'Y, for at the point, where, according 
to this naturalist, are found the two male genital 
orifices surrounded by short spines, that is, on the 
dorsal surface of the last segment of the body, are 
found, with all the females also, similar orifices. It 
is therefore probable that the ramose testicles which 
coming from an accessory gland, which is pouch- 
like, and stretches back of the seminal vesicle. As 
auxiliary copulatory organs may be regarded a 
hook situated on the anterior border of each of the 
last pair of feet, and a nodule or papilla in the 
posterior border of the penultimate pair, corre- 
sponding, oppositely, with the hook. These hooks 
were taken by Jurine for penises, and the papil- 
Jae for seminal capsules. — Ep. 
