358 THE CRUSTACEA. § 298. 
consist of two spheroidal bodies which open externally, by two deferent: 
canals, in front of the tail. The copulatory organs are attached to the 
anterior feet, and consist of hooks and long bristles, by which these animals 
adhere to the under surface of the thorax of the females.© With the 
Branchiopoda, the male genital organs have a very remarkable organiza- 
tion. The testicles consist of two long, straight, caecal tubes, stretching the 
whole length of the tail. From the upper and dilated extremity of each 
passes off, inwards and backwards, an excretory canal. These canals. 
shortly after their origin, dilate into a seminal vesicle, and then pursue 
their course between two longitudinal ridges which run backwards from the 
base of the tail. At the posterior extremity of these ridges, they open near 
a process covered with short spines. For the seizure and retention of the 
females for copulation, the two anterior cheliform feet are provided with 
antler-like hooks, and, also, at their base, with two peculiar, sometimes digiti- 
form processes, curved above the front. 
With the Poecilopoda, the testicles consist of ramified canals situated in 
the cephalothorax, which terminate at that same point on the first pair of 
post-abdominal feet where are situated the genital openings with the 
females, in two short, perforated, penis-like organs." 
With the Laemodipoda, Isopoda, and Amphipoda, the testicles consist 
of two caeca situated by the side of the digestive canal, and continuous, 
posteriorly, into two more or less flexuous deferent canals upon the sides of 
Zaddach. thinks he has observed with a small num- 
ber of individuals which had been preserved in alco- 
hol a long time, are only ovaries, the characteristics 
of which have been effaced by the spirit. As to 
Cypris, all we know about their males is that their 
spermatic particles, according to Wagner (loc. cit.), 
are disproportionately large, and that Ledermiller 
(Microscop. Gemiiths-und Augen-Ergétzung, p. 
141, Taf. LX XIII. fig. d.) thinks he has seen them 
in copulation. Baird, also (Magaz. of Zool. and 
Bot. I. p. 522), has often seen two individuals of 
Cypris together, but was not sure that they were 
copulating.* 
9 Lovén, in Wiegmann’s Arch. p. 160, Taf. V. 
fig. 13 (Evadne). 
10 With the males of Daphnia, there is a hook 
together with a smail long lash on the two anterior 
pairs of feet situated close under the head. The 
first pair of feet situated on the beak in front of the 
mouth, is very long and provided with two small 
pointed hooks; while, with the females, these feet 
* [ § 293, note 8.] For the genital organs of 
Cypris, see Zenker (Miiller’s Arch. 1850, p. 191). 
They closely resemble those of Cyclops. He has 
also described the spermatophores (Taf. V. fig. 6) ; 
they are probably the very large spermatic parti- 
cles seen by Wagner as mentioned above. These 
observations I have recently confirmed. Wagner 
and Leuckart (Cyclop. Anat. and Physiol. Art. 
Semen, p. 496, note) must, therefore, be mistaken, 
when they assert the hermaphroditic nature of 
Cypris, and say, “‘ We beg to direct the attention 
to the simultaneous appearance of egg together 
with the spermatozoa in the same individual; and 
therefore to the hermaphroditic condition of the 
genitals in Cypris.” It is probable that they ob- 
served only females, a~1 if what they called such 
have the form of two short, obtuse antennae 
(Miller, Entomostr. p. 87, Tab. XII. fig. 6; 
Ramdohr, loc. cit. p. 25, Taf. VII. ; Straus, Mém. 
du Mus. V. p. 419, Pl. XXIX. fig. 18, 19; and 
Jurine, Hist. d. Monocles, p. 106, Pl. XI. fig. 5~ 
8). With the males of Evadne, only the feet of the 
first abdominal pair are provided each with a hook 
and some pretty long bristles on their last two arti- 
cles (Loven, loc. cit. p. 157, Taf. V. fig. 11). With 
Isaura, on the other hand, the first two pairs of 
abdominal feet are armed at their extremity with 
stout nails (Straus, Mus. Senckenb. II. p. 123, 
Taf. VII. fig. 4,13; and Joly, loc. cit. p. 298, Pl. 
VII. fig. 2, 6). 
ll Schaeffer, Der fischférm. Kiefenf. fig. 3-11; and 
Miller, Zool. danic, Tab. XLVIIL. (Branchipus). 
The frontal digitiform processes are especially de- 
veloped with Chirocephalus ; see Prevost, im 
Jurine’s Hist. d. Monocl, p. 202, Pl. XXII.t 
12 Van der Hoeven, loc. cit. p. 20, Pl. II. fig. 
14, 18 (Limulus). 
were really spermatic particles, the time of obser- 
vation must have been soon after copulation. — 
Ep. 
t [ § 293, note 11.] For the details of the male 
genital organs of Artemia and Branchipus, see 
Leydig (loc. cit. Siebold and Kélliker’s Zeitsch. 
III. p. 297). With these Phyllopods, these organs 
consist of testes, vasa deferentia, and penises ; all 
of which are double and symmetrical. The testes 
consist, each, of an oblong pouch which is directly 
continuous into its vas deferens; and this last 
passes into its penis. The two penises are situated 
at the base of the abd 1, and point, bung-shaped, 
backwards. Besides these parts, there is an exter 
nal organ, style-like, used in copulation (loc. cit. 
Taf. VIII. fig. 4, a.).— Ep. 
