$ 318. THE ARACHNOIDAE. 393 
surround their eggs, grouped together, with a tough coagulable substance, 
and glue them to various bodies. It is, therefore, very probable that there 
are special organs for the secretion of this substance. 
As yet, we have no observations on the internal genital organs of the 
Pycnogonidae, although, for a long time, the females have been recognized 
by their filiform odphores, composed of nine to ten articles, and situated in 
front of the first pair of legs. 
With the Phalangidae, the two ovaries are blended together, and form a 
flexuous tube occupying a large portion of the abdomen and continuous 
anteriorly into two short oviducts. These last unite in a large oviduct 
situated, loop-like, in the posterior extremity of the abdomen, between the 
convolutions of the ovaries. Its anterior extremity receives a second ovi- 
‘duct, which, after describing numerous convolutions, opens in a horny, 
articulated ovipositor. This last can be protruded between the posterior 
legs by means of a special muscular apparatus, on the under side of. which 
are two caeca opening into the oviduct at the base of the ovipositor. 
These organs are either seminal receptacles, or the secretory organs of a 
viscous substance. 
With most Araneae, the two oblong ovaries are concealed between the- 
hepatic lobes, and open by the intervention of two short oviducts, into a 
vagina situated between the two pulmonary sacs. This vagina is supported 
‘by a horny plate, and opens externally through a transverse fissure, after 
having previously received the excretory ducts of the two contiguous 
Receptacula seminis. These last are pyriform and nearly always composed 
of a deep-brown, horny substance; they are attached to the cutaneous 
envelope, and have, each, an equally horny excretory duct which is more 
or less long and interlaced with the corresponding one on the other side. 
The females surround their eggs in groups, with a web, so that they have 
no organs for secreting a viscid substance. 
The Epeiridae offer a remarkable modification in their external genital 
organs. The entrance to their vagina is covered by a horny process, 
directed from before backwards, and at the base of which there are pyri- 
form, pedunculated, seminal reservoirs. It is yet undetermined whether 
this process is connected with the act of copulation, or with the deposition 
of the eggs. 
The Scorpionidae have three ovaries consisting of as many longitudinal 
tubes united by four pairs of transverse ones. The two external of the 
former tubes are continuous anteriorly as oviducts, and unite in a short 
vagina which opens at the base of the abdomen. Before their junction, 
the oviducts dilate into a round pouch, which, as it sometimes contains the 
sperm, may be regarded as a Receptaculum seminis.© 
8 For 1 , Eylais, Li hares, and Di- paid no attention to these organs. The seminal 
plodontus. 
4 See Johnston, Magaz. of Zool. I. p. 370 Pl. 
XIII.; Miine Edwards, Hist. Nat. d. Crust. Pl. 
XLL fig. 73 and Philippi, in Wiegmann’s 
Arch. 1848, I. p. 177, Taf. IX. With Phowichi- 
didium, the two odphores are only five articled. 
5 See Trevirarnus, Verm. Schrift. I. p. 34, Taf. 
IV. fig. 20, 23; also T'ulk, loc. cit. p. 318, Pl. V. 
tig. 26-29. 
6 Treviranus (Bau d. Arachn. p. 37, Taf. IV. 
fig. 32) has figured very correctly the ovaries and 
their oviducts. He has even seen the Receptacula 
seminis, but he mistook them for cartilagi 
bodies (Ibid. p. 88, Taf. II. fig. 20, 0, and Taf. IV. 
dig. 40, 0. 41). The anatomists who succeeded him 
receptacles are short and pyriform with Lycosa, 
Theridion, and Micryphantes ; but they have a 
long excretory duct entwined with its opposite, with 
Drassus, Salticus, and Thomisus. \ 
7 This process is S-shaped with Epeira diadema. 
It has been described and figured by Leeuwen- 
hoek, loc. cit. p. 336, fig. 8; Roesel, loc. cit. p. 
253, Taf. XX XVII. fig. 1, b. and Taf. XXXVIIL 
fig. 1, 8; and by Degeer, loc. cit. p. 85, Taf 
XII. fig. 10. See, also, Treviranus, Bau d. 
Arachn. p. 39, Taf. IL. fig. 18, c.; and Savigny, 
Descript. de ’ Egypte, loc. cit. Pi. II. fig-8™. With 
Nephila fasciata, this process is tongue-shaped. 
& The female organs of the Scorpionidae have 
been described by Meckel (Beitr. loc. cit. p. 113, 
