$$ 333, 334. THE INSECTA. 415 
the species. These organs receive, each, directly from the superior cerebral 
mass, a nerve; these nerves perceive the slightest disturbances occurring in 
the antennal teguments, which are solid and often provided with hairs and 
bristles. With those Insecta with which these organs are very long, fili- 
form, and movable in various directions, they serve, like the vibrissae of 
many mammalia, to announce the presence of external bodies, With very 
many other Insecta, they are very movable, and are distinctly used as tac- 
tile organs, like the fingers of the-human hand. It is also by means of 
these organs, that insects perceive the various conditions of the atmos- 
phere, especially the temperature, and thereby regulate their move- 
ments and actions. 
With those Insecta whereof the parts of the mouth are changed into 
organs of suction, it is quite evident that the extremity of the snout or pro- 
boscis is the seat of a very delicate sense of touch. Also with those female 
insects having an ovipositor, which is used to deposit their eggs in holes 
of various depth, the apex of this organ must be endowed with the same 
power. Finally, this sense must be ascribed to the extremities of the legs 
‘of many Insecta, which, in either their larval or in their perfect state, use 
these organs for the performance of labors of a special nature.” With the 
Poduridae, there is, upon the ventral surface of the first abdominal seg- 
ment, a singular organ which is soft, protractile, bifurcated or bi-lobed, and 
probably of a tactile nature. : 
§ 333. 
Undoubtedly the sense of taste, with Insecta, is seated in the tongue, 
-when this organ is present. The tongue, of a soft consistence, is particu- 
larly developed with the Carabidae, Locustidae, Acrididae, Libellulidae, 
and Vespidae, which are all mandibulated; and with the Apidae, and Mus- 
eidae, which lick up their food. With the suctorial Insecta, the tongue is 
either wanting, or changed into a horny bristle;—a transformation met 
with, also, in certain species having masticatory organs.. 
§ 334. 
The organs of Olfaction with Insecta, have not yet been satisfactorily 
‘determined, although most of these animals by their aid, can perceive in a 
most wonderful manner, the food proper either for themselves or their 
young. The various hypotheses upon this subject are unsatisfactory, and 
especially those by which this sense is located in the hard and dry parts 
of the body, which are quite unfit to recognize odoriferous substances,” 
cherch. &c. p. 42, Pl. ITT. fig. 5, 19-22. Iam not de- 
8 This may be especially observed with the 
Hymenoptera. 
4 As such I recollect only the Ateuchidae and 
Rhynchites among the Coleoptera, the fossorial 
Hymenoptera, and the larvae of the Phryganidae 
among the Neuroptera. 
5 With Smynthurus, these organs consist of two 
long contractile cylinders ; see Degeer, Abhandl. 
&c. VIL. p. 20, Taf. III. fig. 10, and Wicolet, Re- 
* [§ 332, note 5.] See upon the protractile, 
‘tentacular organs of the larvae of the Papiliones, 
Karsten (Muller’s Arch. 1848, p. 375). I have 
carefully and microscopically examined these organs 
termined whether or not should he placed in the same 
category the soft protractile organs, often of a beau- 
tiful red or orange color, possessed by Malachius 
on the lateral portions of the body, by Stenus at 
the extremity of the abdomen, and by the larvae of 
various Lepidoptera (Papilio mach and poda- 
lirius, Harpyia vinula, &c.) on the neck or back.* 
1 According to Rosenthal (Reii’s Arch. X. p. 
with Papilio asterias ; I regard them as odorifer- 
ous and defensive. rather than tactile organs. — 
Ep. 
