424 THE INSECTA. $ 838. 
‘erop-like dilatation, which, with the Cicindelidae, Carabidae, Dytiscidae, 
and Gyrinidae, is followed by an ovoid gizzard. This last is longitudinally 
plicated internally, and these folds are usually armed on their borders with 
cilia or horny hooks. The intestinoid stomach is of median length with 
the carnivorous Coleoptera, but very long and more or less flexuous with 
those which are herbivorous.® . Nearly always, its whole external surface 
is numerously constricted, and covered with small caeca. The ileum and 
-colon are, usually, rather short. 
Among the Orthoptera, the families Forficulidae, Termitidae, Blatti- 
-dae, Achetidae, Locustidae, Acrididae, and Mantidae, are distinguished for 
their large crop,” which, with Gryllotalpa is completely constricted from 
‘the esophagus. The gizzard i is of variable length, and covere], internally, 
with rows of horny denticulated plates.0” The stomach is tubular, of equal 
calibre, median length, and rarely makes a half or an entire turn. 
In most of the families just mentioned, its upper extremity has two, six, or 
eight caeca,“ and its posterior part is continuous into an often somewhat 
‘flexuous ileum upon which succeeds a short colon. With the Perlidae, the 
gizzard is wanting, but the upper extremity of the stomach has from four to 
eight caeca, pointing forwards.9> With the Phasmidae, and the Libelluli- 
dae, the oesophagus is long and large, and protrudes somewhat into the 
straight, oblong, constricted stomach, which is without caeca and is succeeded 
by a very short ileum and colon.“ The digestive tube of the Ephem- 
eridae, which, in their perfect state, take no food, is feebly developed. 
Its walls are very thin throughout, and the oesophagus is directly continu- 
ous with the stomach which is a bladder-like dilation and succeeded bya 
short, straight intestine.” 
Ramdohr, Magaz. d, naturf. Freande zu Berlin, Govfouled, and his Recherch. sur les Orthopt. 
1807, p. 207, Taf. IV. (Carabus) ; Brandt, Mediz. ¢. loc. cit. Pl. I.-V. XIII. 
Zool. Il. Taf. XVII. XIX. (Meloe and Lytta) ; 12 See the figures cited in the preceding note. 
Straus, Considér. &c. Pl. V. (Melolontha).* According to L. Dufour (Recherch. &c. p. 608, 
7 With Cedemerays this crop is constricted from PJ. XIII. fig. 196), this gizzard with its dental ap- 
the stomach ; see L. Dufour, loc. cit. III. Pl. paratus is wanting with Termes; but, according 
XXX. fig. 7, 8. to Burmeister (Handb. I. p. 187, Taf. XI. fig. 
8 The stomach is of the greatest length with the 8-10), it is present being concealed at the base of 
Melolonthidae and Hydrophilidae ; see Straus, loc. the oesophagus. 
cit. Pl. V., and Suckow, loc. cit. IL Taf. IIL. IV. 18 Gryllotalpaand Ephippigera. 
9 This constricted stomach is especially observed 14 These caeca are wanting with pine and 
with the herbivorous Coleoptera, as, with Meloé, Termes. There are only two with Ae, eta, Gryl- 
Lytta, and Cantharis ; butis wholly wanting with lotalpa, Locusta, and Ephippigera ; six to eight . 
Lycus, Telephorus, Malachius, and Ciste/a. with the Mantidae, Blattidae, and Acrididae. In. 
With the Elateridae, the stomach is smooth, but, at these last, each of these caeca sends off two dever- 
its upper extremity there are two caecal folds, ticula, one forwards, and the other backwards. 
which, with the Buprestidae, are very long; see 15 See Suckow,: in Heusinger’s Zeitsch. II. p. 
Le. Dufour, loc. cit. III. Pl. XI. fig. 1, 3,.43 » 267, Taf. XVI. fig.7; L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. 
Meckel, Beitr. &c. I. Hft. 2, p. 129, Taf. vi. fig. Pl. XIII. fig. 198; and Pictet, Hist. Nat. des 
5; and Gaede, Nov. Act. "Nat. Cur, XI. p. 330, Névroptéres.: Famille des Perlides. These caeca 
Tab. XLIV. fig. 1. are wanting with Vemura. 
10 With the Dytiscidae, a pretty long and small 16 See Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. XV. (Libel- 
caecum extends forwards from the rectum; see lula and dAgrion) ; Suckow, loc. cit. II. Taf. IL. 
Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. II.; LZ. Dufour, fig. 14 (Aeschna); L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. p. . 
doc. cit. III. Pl. X. fig. 3, and Burmeister, Hand- 568, Pl. XI. (deschna and Libellula) ; and Miil- 
buch, &c., 1. Taf. X. fig. ‘4. ler, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur, XII. p. 571, Tab. L, 
ll See Ramdohr, Abhandl. &c. Taf. 1.3; Marcel (Bacteria). These stomachic appendages are 
de Serres, loc. cit, Pl. L.-IIl. ; Gaede, Beitr. &. wanting with Psocus also; see Nitzsch, in Ger- 
‘Taf. I. IL. (Blatta and Acheta) ; Suckow, loc. cit. mars Mag. IV. p. 277, Taf, II, fig. 1. 
IIl. Taf. VII. fig. 184-136 (Gryllotalpa) ; Bur- W7 See L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. Pl. XI. fig. 
ameister, Handb. &c. I. Taf. XI. fig. 1-6 5 and. L. 167, and Pictet, Hist. Nat. des Insect. Névropt. 
Dufour, loc. cit. KIT. 1828, p. 350, PL XX. Famille.des Ephémerines, 
* [ § 338, note 6.] See, also, Leddy, loc. cit., tails of the inti anatomy of the alimentary 
Flora and Fauna within Animals, &c., for fullde- canal of Passalus cornutus. —- Ep. 
