426 THE INSECTA. $ 838. 
*Ledra ; and with Cicada, it penetrates even under the muscular tunic of this 
ante-stomach.@ With the Pentatomidae, and some Coreidae, there is even 
a third stomach, quite remarkable, consisting of a very narrow, slightly- 
flexuous canal, on which are inserted two or four rows of closely-aggregated 
glandular tubes.“ The ileum and colon are nearly always fused into a 
pyriform pouch, upon which is sometimes inserted a kind of lateral cae- 
cum.@? With the Cicadidae, however, the ileum is distinct, narrow, and 
nearly always very long and flexuous. 
The Diptera have a sucking stomach with a more or less long peduncle, 
inserted upon one of the sides of the short, small cesophagus. This pedun- 
cle accompanies the stomach even into the abdominal cavity, where it ter- 
minates in a pouch whose thin walls are composed solely of delicate muscular 
fibres. This pouch is oblong or round, and often divided, heart-shaped, by 
a deep fissure.“ The proper stomach is always long and intestinoid, 
except at its anterior extremity, where it is often dilated. It is situated 
in the abdominal cavity and makes many convolutions. In some families, 
only, there are two lateral caeca inserted near its cardiac extremity. The 
ileum is small, of median length, and is succeeded by a pyriform colon. 
The Lepidoptera, which, in their perfect state, live only upon the juices 
of flowers, suck up this kind of food by means of a thin-walled, sucking 
stomach, situated at the anterior extremity of the abdominal cavity, and 
opening by a short peduncle into the posterior extremity of the small, long 
oesophagus. 
always straight. 
25 See Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. XXIII. fig. 3; 
Suckow, loc. cit. Taf. VII. fig. 138 ; and L. Du- 
Jour, loc. cit. Pl: VIIL or Ann. d. Sc. Nat. V. 
1825, p. 157, Pl. IV. It was formerly thought that 
the second stomach of Cicada opened into the ante- 
stomach, but the true relation of these organs has 
been pointed out by Doyere (Ann. d. Sc. Nat. XI. 
1839, p. 81, Pl. I.) and confirmed by L. Dufour 
(ibid. XII. p. 287). The annular stomach of Dor- 
thesia and Psylla is probably arranged in the 
same manner ; see L. Dufour, Recherch. &c. loc. 
cit. Pl. IX. fig. 108, 110. 
26 There are four rows of these glands with 
Pentatoma, and Tetyra, and two, only, with 
Syromastes, and Coreus ; see Ramdohr, loc. cit. 
p. 189, Taf. XXII. fig. 3,4; L. Dufour, Recherch. 
&c. p. 21, Pl. I. IL. 
These two authors have taken these rows of 
glands for transverse-plicated semi-canals. T're- 
viranus (Annal. d. Wetterauisch. Gesellch. &c. I. 
Ht. 2, p. 175, Taf. V. fig. 4) is still more mistaken 
in taking the four rows in Pentatoma rufipes, for 
as many adjacent, but distinct intestinal tubes. 
27 Coreus, Pelozonus, Ranatra, and Nepa. 
28 The sucking stomach is simple with the Tipuli- 
-dae, and Leptidae ; it is cordate with the Tabani- 
dae, Syrphidae, and Muscidae ; see Ramdohr, and 
Suckow, loc. cit.; Treviranus, Verm. Schrift. 
II. p. 142, Taf. XVII. ; and L. Dufour, Ann. d, 
Sc. Nat. I. 1844, p. 376, Pl. XVI. fig. 12. 
29 With the Tabanidae, these two caeca point 
forwards ; but with the Leptidae and Bombylidae, 
backwards; and with the Syrphidae, there are 
four of them, varicose, two pointing forwards 
* [ § 338, ncte 30.] See, also, for the intimate 
structure of the intestinal canal and its append- 
ages of Bombyx mori (both larva and imago), Fil- 
The stomach is pretty long and large, often varicose, and 
The ileum is long, small, and nearly always forms several 
and two backwards. The Diptera fill this sucking 
stomach with liquid (honey, blood, &c.), or solid 
(pollen-grains) substances, but which, certainly, are 
only there deposited without being changed, for 
the walls of this organ do not present the least 
traces of a glandular structure. It is, moreover, 
remarkable that the Pulicidae and the Hippobosci- 
dae, which feed exclusively on animal juices, have 
a kind of crop at the posterior extremity of the 
cesophagus, but no trace of a sucking stomach 5 
see Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. XXI. XXIII. (Melo- 
phagus and Pulex), also L. Dufour, Ann. d. Sc. 
Nat. VI. 1825, p. 308, Pl. XIII. fig. 1, and III. 
1845, p. 69, Pl. II. fig. 18 (Hippobosca and Melo- 
phagus). With Pudew, the crop is provided with 
large cilia on its internal surface, and thus resem- 
bles a gizzard. : 
30 See Swammerdamm Bib. der Nat. Taf. 
XXXVI. fig. 1 (Vanessa urticae) ; Treviranus, 
Verm. Schrift. II. p. 103, Taf. XI., and Annal. d. 
Wetterauisch. Gesellsch. III. Hft. 1, p. 147, Taf. 
XVI. (Vanessa, Sphinx, and Deilephila) ; Suck- 
ow, loc. cit. Taf. IX. fig. 161 (Yponomeuta) ; and 
Newport, Cyclop, loc. cit. fig. 430, 431 (Sphing 
and Pontia). This sucking stomach is double 
with the Zygaenidae (Ramdohr, loc. cit. Taf. 
XVIII. fig. 1) ; it is wholly wanting with the He- 
pialidae, Bombycidae,and in general all the imago 
Lepidoptera which do not eat. See Treviranus,. 
Verm. Schrift. loc. cit. p. 107, and Annal. d. 
Wetterauisch. Gesellsch. loc. cit. p. 158, Taf. XVIL.; 
aad Eyonet, Mem. du Mus. XX. p, 208, Pl, XIX. 
g. 10.’ 
ippi, Annali della R. Accad. d’agricoltura di To-- 
rino, V., or Wiegmann’s Arch. 1851, Th. II. p. 
217. — Ep. 
