§ 349. 449 
THE INSECTA. 
appears, while the spermatic particles thus formed remain together for 
some time and finally are united in fasciculi of variable forms. 
With many species, these bundles are disposed one after another, and 
then united forming long, vermicular bodies.“” Only gradually, as the 
sperm mass passes along the deferent canals, are the spermatic particles 
separated to unite again under new and remarkable forms. These last 
consist of long, penniform bodies, having very singular movements, for 
their free extremities oscillate to and fro without cessution.% A kine of 
spermatophore is also observed in the female organs of many species 
belonging to the Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera. It consists of a 
peculiar hollow body, usually somewhat pedunculate, with pretty solid 
albumen-like walls, and filled with spermatic particles,” 
I. Female Genital Organs. 
§ 349. 
The two Ovaries are always composed of a larger or smaller number of 
tubes, whose free extremities are extremely small, but which gradually 
Increase in size to their point of insertion on the oviducts. 
From their 
caecal terminations is prolonged a delicate thread, which, bound together 
with the others, serves to attach the two ovaries to the thorax.” 
Il For the spermatic particles of the Insecta and 
their development, see my memoir in Mudder’s Arch. 
1836, p. 30; and Kélliker, in the Neue schweiz. 
Denkschrift. VIIL. p. 24.* 
12 See my memoir in Muller’s Arch. loc. cit. p. 
38, Taf. III., fig. 16-18 (Pontia). These vermiform 
bundles are observed not only with all the Lepidop- 
tera, but also with certain Diptera and Coleoptera ; 
see Loew, Horae anatom. Hft. 1, 1841, p. 26, Taf. 
II. (Scatopse), and Hammerschmidt, Isis, 1838, 
p. 358, Taf. IV. (Cleonus and various Lepidop- 
tera). This last mentioned naturalist has, however, 
taken these cords for gigantic spermatic purticles, 
to which he has given the name of Pagiura, Spiri- 
dura and Cincinnura. 
13I have discovered these penniform bodies 
composed of spermatic particles in the Receptacu- 
lum seminis of Locusta and Decticus ; see Nov. 
Act. Nat. Cur. XXI. 1845, p. 251, Tab. XIV. XV. 
Dujardin (Observ. au Microscop. 1842, Pl. XI. 
fig. 18, 19) had already perceived similar bodies in 
the male organs of Tet#igonia plebeja and Spho- 
drus terricola. Stein (Vergl. Anat. &c. p. 106, 
Taf. I. fig. 19 (Loricera)) has also found them in 
the seminal receptacles of the females of various 
Carabidae. 
14 Pyriform, short-pedunculated spermatophores 
are found in the Receptaculum seminis of the 
*[§ 348, note 11.) The spermatic particles of 
the Insecta are described above, as well also by 
Wagner and Leuckart (loc. cit. Cyclop. Anat. and 
Phys.), as being invariably filiform. This is incor- 
rect: it is true they are generally so; as, for 
instance, with all the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, 
The 
fecundated females of Locusta and Decticus (see 
my memoir in the Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. loc. cit. p. 
262, Tab. XVI. fig. 14, 15), while those observed. 
in the Bursa copulatrig of many Lepidoptera are 
rouud and long-pedunculated. With the Coleop- 
tera, spermatophores are often found, also, in the 
copulatory pouch of the fecundated females. Their 
forms vary considerably, and I may mention 
specially those of Clivina fossor, which are elon- 
gate and remarkable for their very long and twisted’ 
peduncle ; see Stein, loc. cit. p. 91, Taf. I. VII. 
VIII. The older entomologists took these sperm-- 
atophores for the penis which was detached in the 
copulatory act—an opinion which I myself for- 
merly entertained (Muller’s Arch. 1837, p. 399,. 
419) ; but,since, I have learned the true nature of 
these bodies, and the rectification of this error,. 
made by Stezn (loc. cit. p. 86), is perfectly correct. 
1 For the different dispositions of these tubes, see- 
J. Miller, Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XIT. p. 5853, 
Burmeister, Iandb. I. p. 199; and Lacordaire,, 
Introduct. &c. IL. p. 329. The ovaries of the 
Strepsiptera are organized after a wholly different. 
type. The simplicity of the female organs here is: 
very remarkable, and in this respect they hold an 
exceptional position. The two ovaries are, at first, 
two long bodies, composed of innumerable germs. 
When these last have matured, they are disengaged 
dae, Andrenidae, Vespidae, &c., these particles 
have the form of those of the Araneae — an arcuate 
staff, to which is attached a delicate tail ; while,. 
with the Phasmidae, they consist of a spoon-shaped: 
head with a very conspicuous tail— indeed, quite 
Yr bling those of many of the Rodentia. It is 
Diptera, Aptera, Hemiptera ; but with some fami- 
lies of the other orders (the Hymenoptera, Neurop- 
tera and Orthoptera) their form is quite different, 
and I am only surprised that it has not before been 
noticed. Thus, with the Libellulidae, Ephemeri- 
38% 
scarcely necessary to add that in this class these 
particles are, as is the case with all the other classes 
of animals, developed in special cells. The whole 
subject is deeply interesting, in both a histologicad 
as well as a zoological point of view. — Ep. 
