450 THE INSECTA. § 349, 
ovarian tubes are, moreover, always enveloped by numerous trachean net- 
works.” Upon their length, which is very variable, depends the number 
of the eggs or germs which are disposed in a single file; and in this way, 
they may be distinguished as uni-, bi- and multi-locular. The two Oviducts 
are usually short and often dilated into a kind of calyx at their upper 
extremity, if there are numerous ovarian tubes meeting at this point. 
The Seminal receptacle (Receptaculum seminis) is a. double or single, 
solid capsule (Capsula seminalis) of variable form and surrounded by a 
muscular layer. It opens into the vagina below the. point of junction of 
the two oviducts, by means of a canal of variable length (Ductus semi- 
nalis). This duct has sometimes a simple, or a bifurcated appendage 
(Glandula appendicularis).© The seminal receptacle never contains 
spermatic particles with those females which have not rejected their pupa 
covering, or especially with those still in a virgin state; but after copula- 
tion it always contains a multitude of these particles moving very actively, 
and these movements are kept up for a long period, as may be observed 
with those females which live over the winter. 
The Copulatory pouch (Bursa copulatriz) consists nearly always, of a 
Spacious, pyriform reservoir, which, with only a few exceptions, opens into 
the vagina below the seminal receptacle. During copulation, it receives 
the penis, and often, also, the sperm which enters either by portions con- 
tained, in the spermatophores, or enveloped by a shapeless gelatinous 
substance. © 
The secretory organs situated at the lower end of the vagina, consist, 
usually, of two rather long, glandular tubes on each side of’ the vagina, 
into which they open, either directly, or through two small special excre- 
tory ducts. They often have, on their course, two vesiculiform reservoirs. 
In most cases, these glandular organs appear to form a Sebaceous or 
and scattered through the cavity of the body be- 
tween the fat-cells. The females are apodal, and 
the ventral surface of their body, which resembles 
that of the larvae, is occupied by a shallow canal 
4Incubatory canal) which terminates caecally in 
the penultimate segment of the body, and opens 
upon the cephalothorax by a semilunar orifice 
(Genital opening). From this canal pass off into 
the visceral cavity three to five forward-bent tubes, 
‘The eggs are developed in the visceral cavity, and 
by these tubes the young larvae make their exit 
therefrom ; see my Beitr. zur Naturgesch. d. wir- 
bell. Thiere. p. 75, Taf. III. fig. 62,67; and Wies- 
mann’s Arch. 1848, I. p. 147. Formerly, I erred 
in taking the ventral for the dorsal surface with 
these insects. 
2 J. Muller has taken these filaments for vessels 
communicating between the ovaries and the dorsal 
vessel ; see Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII. p. 580. 
3 For a long time this Rereptaculum seminis 
remained wholly unobserved, or was taken for a 
Bursa copulatriz, or an organ secreting a viscous 
substance for gluing the eggs together and to for- 
eign objects. The older descriptions and figures 
give, therefore, only an imperfect idea. It is only 
lately that the constant presence and true nature 
of this organ have been recognized (see my memoir 
in Muller’s Arch. 1837, p. 392, and Stein, Vergl. 
Anat. &c. 1847, p. 96). Yet, at this day, the cop- 
‘ulatory pouch and seminal receptacle are frequently 
confounded together ; and LZ. Dufour, in particu- 
lar, persists in his old error in designating this sem- 
inal receptacle as a Glande sébifique. 
4 See my observations made upon Vespa (Wieg- 
wmann’s Arch. 1839, I. p. 107) and Culex (Ger- 
mar's Zeitsch. II. 1840, p. 442). Stein, also (loc. 
cit. p. 112), has shown that the spermatic particles 
remain alive a long time inthe semiual receptacles 
of the Coleoptera. The liquid secreted by the 
accessory gland serves, probably, to keep the 
spermatic particles fresh, and to prevent them from 
desiccation. The fecundation takes place undoubt- 
edly when the eggs pass in front of the orifice of 
the seminal receptacle, which is then probably com- 
pressed by an investing muscular apparatus. This 
long preservation of sperm in the seminal receptacle 
explains how the females of certain species can lay 
eggs so long after copulation, and at a time when 
the males have all disappeared. The time of the 
full maturity of the eggs in the ovary, moreover, 
does not always coincide with that of the heat and 
copulation with the male. ‘The observations which 
have been made on this last point have been col- 
lected by Midler (Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. XII. p. 624). 
5 This copulatory pouch, which, from its large 
size, was first perceived by entomologists, is even 
now often taken for a fecundating sac, or a seminal 
reservoir (Spermatheca). The spermatic particles 
are carried, undoubtedly by their own move- 
ments, from this copulatory pouch into the Re 
ceptaculum seminis ; and very probably they 
begin to travel shortly after copulation, for, a long 
sojourn in the Bursa copulatriz does not ap- 
pear advantageous, since those that remain over 
become stiff and dead-like in the midst of the semi- 
nal fluid, which is granulous and viscid. J. Hun- 
ter (Phitos. Trans. 1774), in his experiments on 
artificial dation, was ul only when he 
took the sperm from the copulatory pouch of the 
females which had jast come from copulation. 
