SPECIFIC OPHTHALMIA. 49 
The veterinary surgeon, firstly, in the groom’s convictions, makes a 
grievous mistake. He goes up to the horse on the opposite side to 
the affection; being there, he takes the pulse, remarks the breathing, 
observes the coat, feels the feet, examines the mouth, and looks at the 
nasal membrane. If simple ophthalmia be present, some of these may 
be altered from long-endured pain; but if specific ophthalmia exist, 
the general disturbance denotes a constitutional disorder. The pulse is 
hard, the breathing sharp, the coat staring, the feet cold, the mouth 
clammy, and the nasal membrane inflamed or leaden-colored. 
The horse is next ordered round to the stable window, with the dis- 
eased eye toward the light. A pretense 
is then made of forcing the lid open; if 
simple ophthalmia be present, the resist- 
ance is energetic, but not violent. Should 
specific ophthalmia be the affection, the 
horse struggles against the intimation with 
the wildness of timidity, striving to escape 
a terrible torture. The animal is, there- 
upon, brought into some shady corner; its  Rarsiva THe UPPER LID OF AN EYE AF- 
fears are allayed, and it permits the lid to Seen Cet tg a 
be raised with little difficulty. Should the eye have been injured by 
an accident, the most prominent part of the ball is likely to be hurt. 
The internal structures are unaffected; the pupil generally is larger 
than usual, and the iris is unchanged. The haw may be or may not 
be projected; but the eolor, form, and aspect of the iris is unaltered. 
During the commencement of specific ophthalmia, the center of the 
cornea may be transparent, but the circumference of the ball is violently 
inflamed; the reason being that a constitutional disorder always first 
attacks the more vascular structures, and, therefore, commences in the 
DIAGRAM OF THE EYE IN SIMPLE OPHTHALMIA. DIAGRAM OF THE HORSE’S EYE WHEN S8UF- 
THE DARK LINE INDICATES THE EXTENT TO FERING FROM SPECIFIC OPHTHALMIA. 
WHICH HAW MAY PROTRUDE. 
loose conjunctiva, covering the white of the globe. In specific ophthal- 
mia, the color of the eye has changed to a lighter hue, and the pupillary 
opening is firmly closed, to prevent the entrance of the dreaded light. 
4 
