70 INJURIES TO THE JAW. 
Let every owner of a horse treat his slave with gentleness. Above 
all things, let no individual employ the 
reins as instruments of torture. The horse 
will neither be wiser nor better for such a 
mode of punishment. Besides, the man 
may deteriorate his own or another’s prop- 
erty. With the bit a jaw has been broken; 
and with the snaffle the bone has been in- 
jured. An animal with a good neck carries 
the chin near to the chest. The iron of the 
j snaffle, therefore, cannot pull against the 
THM, ONANETE PEABING ZO 28 angles of the mouth. It rests upon the 
gums, and because this point is by some 
disputed, the following illustration of the fact is inserted. 
The cruel bit is, however, in general use with carriage horses. 
Fashion delights in a vehicle stopped smartly at a door. The greatest 
noise possible then announces the new arrival. The wheels grate— 
the horses struggle. The coachman pulls hard—the vehicle sways to 
and fro. The footman jumps down and pulls at the bell as though life 
and death depended on a speedy answer to his summons. 
All this is, doubtless, very pleasant, but how does it operate upon the 
poor horses? These, to be pulled up sud- 
denly, must be thrown upon their haunches 
by the unscrupulous use of the bit. The 
pressure often wounds more than the gums; 
frequently the bone of the lower jaw is 
bruised. The gum then must slough, and a 
HE EFFEcTs propucep on tne  DOFtion of bone must be cast off. The ex- 
ee eure aw agine foliation of bone is a tedious process accom- 
The most forward and smaller panied with an abominable stench. The 
mark indicates the injury usually 
done by pullingat the snaffle. The Surgeon must be constantly in attendance; 
more backward dark place indi- is 2 
cates the spot where tugging at the otherwise the gum might close over the ex- 
bit bruises the bone of the lower ae " : 
jaw. foliating bone and numerous sinuses might 
be established within the mouth. The ex- 
foliated substance must come away. The abscess, which would announce 
its retention, would be more painful than the open wound, and ultimately 
would turn to a foul and ragged ulcer. Such an injury may occur 
wherever the bit rests, before or behind the tush, and a similar injury, 
though not to the same extent, will result from an unscrupulous use of 
the snafile. 
Supposing a case of this description is submitted to your notice upon 
the day succeeding its occurrence. No change is anticipated, such as 
