INJURIES TO THE JAW. q1 
would denote a bruise to other structures. The covering to the gums 
is thick and hard, and it will conceal much that may be taking place 
beneath it. If any spot be darker, redder, or whiter in color,—if any 
place be more sensitive than the adjacent parts, the knife is there in- 
serted till it grate upon the bone. The extent of the necessary incision 
is decided by the efforts made in resistance. A thin fluid may issue 
from the orifice; but when the knife grates upon the bone, then the 
animal’s struggles announce the extent of the bruise. Sound bone may 
be cut, scraped, or even burnt with impunity; but when bruised or 
otherwise diseased, the structure is most acutely sensitive. 
When the wound emits its characteristic odor, a lotion composed of 
chloride of zinc, one scruple; water, one pint; ess. of aniseseed a suffi- 
ciency, should be syringed into the openings, several times during the 
day. The lotion, also, has a tendency to heal the sores, which must be 
counteracted by the employment of the knife. 
Occasionally, however wide the incision, it 
may be too small for the cast off bone to 
escape from. The knife again must enlarge 
the orifice, and the forceps be inserted to 
grasp the exfoliated substance. That taken 
away, the lotion is continued and the injury 
left to heal at Nature’s pleasure. INJURY SOMETIMES ACCOMPLISHED 
WITH THE PORT OF THE BIT. 
The late W. Percivall, in his excellent 
work, entitled ‘“ Hippopathology,” describes horses as sometimes injured 
under the tongue by the port of the bit. An engraving, representing 
such an injury, is given; but it is hoped no gentleman of the present 
day would employ the severe invention by which alone such a hurt could 
be produced. The consequences may be lasting, The terminations of 
the sublingual ducts are included in the blackness. Were these bruised 
and inflamed, their delicate mouths might be obliterated and hopeless 
fistula be established. 
The bit must be sharply and strongly tugged at before it can harm 
the roof the mouth. Any one who has seen horses pulled up before a 
fashionable mansion must have observed them open 
wide their mouths. They do this to escape the 
wound of the bit. The animals extend their jaws 
to prevent it striking the roof of the mouth. Not- 
withstanding the existing age is more civilized than ss 
those which preceded it, the bits used at the present = "HE _upprr saw rsunep 
BY THE BARBAROUS USB 
time can, without any vast display of genius, be OF THE BIT. 
made to injure the obedient animal, for whose mouth 
such ferocious checks are forged. An injury thus inflicted is sufficiently 
