CALCULL 213 
donable. The haggard countenance, copious perspirations, and the fre- 
quent glances toward the flanks, joined to the straddling gait and to the 
desperate but at the same time guarded struggles, are all opposed to 
such conclusions. Were a proper examination instituted, the real nature 
of the affection would at once be made apparent, beyond the possibility 
of error. 
Insert the greased arm up the rectum, and, when fully advanced, 
make pressure downward; the dilated 
bladder will then be under the hand. 
The best remedies are sulphuric ether 
and laudanum, which should be given in 
large quantities. Four ounces of each 
should, in a quart of cold water, be ad- 
ministered by the mouth: the like quan- 
tities, blended with three pints of cold 
water, ought to be thrown up as an injec- 
tion. The last being given, the hand 
should be placed over the opening and 
pressed upon it for ten minutes. Should ove 10 PREG Gee ieee 
one dose not succeed, in a quarter of an 
hour the injection may be repeated. Again and again it must be had 
recourse to; till the spasm is vanquished or till the urine flows freely 
forth. 
Should the horse be seized where no medicine can be obtained, then 
extract blood from free openings till fainting takes place. Several small 
depletions are very weakening, and a large quantity of the vital fluid 
drawn at different times is far less likely to overcome the disease than 
one full venesection. Open both jugulars: allow the blood to flow 
from both veins till the water rushes forth or the animal falls, when, 
insensibility being produced, everything like spasm disappears, and the 
bladder will mechanically empty itself. Should not such a relief ensue, 
the greased arm may be inserted up the rectum, and gentle pressure 
made upon the gorged viscus. Advantage is thus taken of the animal’s 
insensibility to adopt a mode of relief which we dare not hazard while 
consciousness is retained. 
CALCULI. 
Stones within the urinary apparatus are designated by various names, 
that are derived from the situations in which they are found. Thus 
renal calculus represents a stone which has been discovered within the 
pelvis of the kidney. Uretal calculus implies a stone found within the 
tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder; but calculi of this kind 
