280 GLANDERS. 
recognize such reality, in spite of the hard swearing and loud jocularity 
which is designed to confuse him, a diagram of a portion of the nostrils, 
covered with healthy membrane and showing the veins natural to the 
part, also displaying the shapes and appearances of wounds—when they 
occur—is inserted. 
The reader has been told what constitutes glanders. He has been 
instructed how to recognize its more marked indications. There, how- 
ever, remains to teach him the manner in which a suspected horse should 
be handled or examined. 
The animal’s head should be turned toward the strongest light obtain- 
able; if toward the blaze of the noonday sun, so much the better. The 
examiner should then place himself by the side of the creature’s head, 
uot in front, but in a situation where, though the animal should snort, 
he is in no danger of the ejected matter falling upon him. With one 
hand the upper and outer rim of the nostril should be raised; when, 
grasping this part between the finger and thumb, no fear need be enter- 
tained. The case would be something more than suspicious, were any 
risk of contamination incurred. 
The wing of the nostril being raised, the examiner must note the 
appearances exposed; this he will best do by knowing where to look 
and what to expect. His eye has nothing to do 
with the skin nor with the marks that appear 
upon it. The opening of the lachrymal duct often 
challenges observation by being well defined and 
particularly conspicuous; but that natural devel- 
opment does not concern him; to that no atten- 
tion must be given. The inspection must be 
concentrated upon the membrane more internally 
situated than the skin seen at the commencement 
of the nostrils. The skin, moreover, suddenly 
eee eee, and is obviously defined by a well-marked 
rymal duct—a natural devel. margin; there is, therefore, no difficulty in dis- 
Me Acatdegioned seenbionis tinguishing the membrane by its fleshy and moist- 
putea ee SS serie aspect, as well as by its situation. If, on 
this membrane, any irregular or ragged patches 
are conspicuous, if these patches are darker toward their edges than in 
their centers, and if they, nevertheless, seem shallow, pallid, moist, and 
sore, the animal may be rejected as glandered. Should any part of the 
membrane—after being wiped as before directed—seem rough or have 
evidently beneath its surface certain round or oval-shaped bodies, the 
horse assuredly is glandered. The membrane may present a worm-eaten 
appearance, or be simply of a discolored and heavy hue. In the first 
THE PROOF OF GLANDERS. 
