ALPHABETICAL SUMMARY. 471 
leg to the ground, The foot is turned upward; pain excessive; breath- 
ing quickened ; pulse accelerated ; appetite lost. In time these symp- 
toms abate, but the leg is disabled for life. 
Treatment.—Bleed and purge, or not, as the symptoms are severe. 
Place a linen bandage round the injury, and see that this is kept con- 
stantly cold and wet; put on a high-heeled shoe, and leave the issue to 
nature. The animal is afterward serviceable only to breed from. 
BROKEN KNEES. 
Causes.—Terrifying a horse, or rendering alive only to fear. Pulling 
in the chin to the breast, or driving with a tight bearing-rein. 
Symptoms.—The horse falls; the knee may only be slightly broken, 
but deeply contused. A slough must then take place, and open joint 
may result. Or the animal may fall, and, when down, be driven forward 
by the impetus of its motion. The knee is cut by the fall, and the skin 
of the knee may be forced back by the onward impulse. This skin will 
become dirty; but the removed integument will fly back on the animal’s 
rising, thus forming a kind of bag containing and concealing foreign 
matter. 
Treatment.—Procure a pail of milk-warm water and a large sponge. 
Dip the sponge in the pail, and squeeze out the water above the knee. 
Continue to do this, but do not dab or sop the wound itself. The water 
flowing over the knee will wash away every impurity. Then with a probe 
gently explore the bag. If small, make a puncture through the bottom 
of the bag; if large, insert a seton, and move it night and morning until 
good pus is secreted: then withdraw the seton. ‘ Rack up” the horse’s 
head, and get some cold water, to every quart of which add two ounces 
of tincture of arnica. Pour a little of this into a saucer, and then dip 
a sponge into the liquid. Squeeze the sponge dry above the joint. Do 
this every half hour for three and a half days, both by day and night. 
If at the end of that time all is going on well, the head may be released; 
but should the knee enlarge and become sensitive, while the animal 
refuses to put the foot to the ground, withdraw the seton; give no hay, 
but all the oats and beans that can be eaten, with two pots of stout each 
day. Place the quadruped in slings; apply the arnica lotion until a 
slough takes place; then resort to the chloride of zinc lotion, one scru- 
ple to the pint, and continue to use this as has been directed. 
