502 ALPHABETICAL SUMMARY. 
neck, and returns the masticated food through the mouth and nostrils. 
Accompanying loss of condition and failure of strength. 
Treatment.—Feed on prepared soft food: though the horse is gener- 
ally not worth its ordinary keep at the stage when this is required. 
SANDCRACK. 
Causes —Bad health, provoking imperfect secretion. Treading for 
any length of time upon a very dry soil. 
Symptoms.—(Quarter crack occurs on light horses upon the inner side 
of the hoof. It usually commences at the coronet, goes down the foot, 
and reaches to the lamine. Toe crack happens in heavy wheelers, and 
is caused by digging the toe into the ground when dragging a load up 
hill. From the sensitive lamine, when exposed, fungoid granulations 
sometimes sprout, which, being pinched, produce excessive pain and 
acute lameness. 
Treatment.—Always pare out the crack, so as to convert it into a 
groove. When the crack is partial, draw a line with a heated iron above 
and below the fissure. If granulations have sprouted, cleanse the wound 
with chloride of zinc lotion, one grain to the ounce of water, and then 
cut them off. Afterward place the foot in a poultice. Subsequently 
pare down the edges of the crack while the horn is soft. Use the lotion 
frequently. Draw lines from the coronet to the crack, so as to cut off 
communication between the fissure and the newly-secreted horn. Shoe 
with a bar shoe, having the seat of crack well eased off and also a clip 
on either side. If the horse must work, lay a piece of tow saturated 
with the lotion into the crack: bind the hoof tightly with wax-end. Tie 
over all a strip of cloth, and give this a coating of tar. When the horse 
returns, inspect the part. Wash out any grit with the chloride of zinc 
lotion. Feed liberally on prepared food. 
SCALD MOUTH. 
Cause.—Powerful medicine, which burns the lining membrane of the 
mouth. 
Symptom.—aA dribbling of saliva, with constant motion and repeated 
smacking of the lips. 
Treatment. —Give soft food, and use the wash recommended for 
aphtha. 
