24 FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 
that the garden may enjoy the full benefit of the moruing 
and evening sun. , 
Shelter is absolutely necessary, particularly in England; 
and that afforded by natural objects, such as rising grounds, 
is the best. Where this is wanting, its place should be 
supplied by masses of forcst-trees, disposed at such a dis- 
tance, however, as not to shade the wall trees, perhaps not 
nearer than 150 feet. The chief purpose of such screens is 
to break the foree of the winds; and as every situation is, 
in this respect, liable to some peculiarities occasioned by 
the general structure of the country, or by the reverbera- 
tion of aérial currents from adjacent eminences, these pe- 
culiarities should be carefully observed and obviated. The 
idea that crowded plantations increase the warmth of a 
place is often fallacious; and, in the opinion of many, they 
do more harm than good, by encouraging blight. The trees 
employed may be of a varied character, but lime-trée, 
horse-chestnut, beech, sycamore, weeping birch, oak, and 
the elm, should prevail. There may also be a proportion 
of evergreen trees, such as firs, pines, hollies, and evergreen 
oaks. When these masses of wood are planted at the time 
the garden is formed, poplars, larches, and other fast- 
growing trees, should be thickly intermixed to act as tem- 
porary trees or nurses, which are afterwards to be weeded 
out, as the permanent trees more slowly advance to matu- 
rity. Walls immediately around the garden, and low 
_ hedges intersecting the compartments, are highly useful in 
preventing radiation during clear nights, which always pro- 
duces great additional cold. 
A supply of «water is equally necessary. Where a 
streamlet can be made to flow through the garden, and keep 
a central pool constantly full,-if will conduce both to utility 
and amenity In many places, such a streamlet cannot be 
