WALLS. 27 
dispensable in the English climate. Indeed, in the north- 
ern and higher parts of that country, where there is no 
walled garden, the dessert can seldom consist of more than 
small fruits, such as gooseberries, with some apples and 
pears. So valuable in this respect are walls, that it is 
perhaps a matter of surprise that they have not been mul- 
tiplied by the erection of: slight and cheap structures, 
such as are common in the peach-gardens in France. The 
north inclosure wall having, towards the interior of the 
garden, a south aspect, is of course appropriated to the 
more tender kind of fruit-trees; here, it is generally esti- 
mated, they enjoy an increased temperature equal to 7° 
of south latitude. The east and west walls are set apart 
for fruits of a somewhat hardier character; while the inner 
face of the south inclosure wall, having a north aspect, is 
well adapted for retarding Morella cherries and currants. 
In the United States, walls are not indispensable, although 
often beneficial. ; 
The north inclosure wall is generally placed nearly per 
pendicular to the meridian, that is, so as to have the sun di- 
rectly in front at 12 o’clock. Minute directions have indeed 
been given to make it face towards 11 or 11 1-2 A.M., on 
the ground that thus it would sooner meet the rays of the 
morning sun; but it does not appear that this arrangement 
has been the subject of direct experiment, and certainly 
the arguments by which the superiority of this aspect is 
supported are far from being satisfactory. The east and 
west walls are commonly placed at right angles to that 
already mentioned, but they may follow the shape of the 
ground, and if this slope to the south, they descend with 
the declivity. The south inclosure wall affords on the out- 
side a valuable aspect to the south, which is deserving of 
particular attention, the finest fruit being often here pro- 
