DRAINING, MANURES, ETC. 383 
of a few years, however, will develop the vast advantages 
of such a mode of procedure, which, if it have been neglect- 
ed at first, cannot be practiced ata subsequent period but 
with indifferent success, and not without an increase of cost 
and labor. 
Manures, &c.—In enumerating the general appendages 
of gardens, it may be proper to say something of manures ; 
but we do not consider it necessary to enter into minute 
details on this subject. Where there are extensive melon- 
grounds, an abundance of stable and other litter sis re- 
quired; and this substance, in its partially decomposed 
state, as afforded by exhausted hot-beds, supplies a manure 
well adapted to aid the processes of vegetation. Decayed 
leaves, which are plentiful where there are extensive plea- 
sure-grounds, and which should be carefully swept together, 
and collected into a heap in the autumnal months, also 
form an excellent manure for many purposes. Some prac- 
tical men prefer composts to simple dungs, or such sub- 
stances as have undergone fermentation. For fruit-trees, 
turf from rich pastures, mixed with vegetable earth, is per- 
haps the best stimulant that can be applied. It is ques- 
tionable whether any sort of trees are permanently benefited 
by the application of crude manures to their roots; and it 
is certain that many have been irremediably injured by 
this practice. But whatever caution may be necessary in 
their use, the prudent horticulturist will find it expedient 
to pay constant attention to the collection and accumula- 
tion of manures, Liquid manures, or. the drainings of 
the stable and cow-house, are valuable, yet too often - 
neglected. T'o fix the ammonia, Professor Liekig recom- 
mends their being passed through a filter, formed of frag- 
ments of gypsum, which should be occasionally renewed. 
The garden cannot go on ae SORE manures; for ground 
