WALL-BORDERS—ORCHARDS. 35 
peculiarly desirable, and they obviate the chilling effects 
of radiation to a considerable extent. 
The laying out of the area of the garden in walks, bor- 
ders, and compartments, may be regulated very much by 
the shape of the ground, and the taste of the owner. In 
_general, a gravel walk, six or eight feet broad, is led quite 
around the garden, both within and without the walls. A 
walk of similar dimensibns is often constructed in the cen- 
- tre of the garden in the direction of.the glazed houses, and 
this is sometimes crossed by another ai right angles. At 
times these walks are led diagonally from the corners. 
The space between the wall and the walk that skirts it is 
called the wall-border, and is commonly from fifteen to 
twenty feet broad. On the interior of the walk there is 
usually another border five or six feet broad, which is gen- 
erally occupied by fruit-trees trained to espalier rails, or 
by dwarf-fruit trees. The middle part of the garden is 
divided into rectangular compartments for the raising of 
the various culinary crops. These compartments may be 
divided by rows of moderate-sized fruit trees, or of goose- 
berry and currant bushes. Standard fruit-trees, however, 
soon grow so large as to shade so much ground, that they 
cannot be allowed except where the garden is very large.: 
It is advantageous, to form several-small beds, in which to 
cultivate the less bulky articles, such as basil, sage, tarra- 
gon, spearmint and thyme, which, in large spaces, are apt 
to be overlooked or neglected. 
Wail-borders.—The preparation of borders for fruit- 
trees is a matter of the utmost importance, and no pains 
should be spared in this essential operation. Where bor- 
ders are not in good condition, the care and toil of the 
most experienced gardener will avail but little toward the 
production of fruit. The first object is effectual draining. 
