FRUIT GARDEN, 37 
same preparatory operations, are necessary ; but a simple 
hedge will, in most situations, suffice for a fence. The 
trees may here be on free stocks and trained as high stan- 
dards, and the taller growing pears and apples are best 
suited for a large orchard. Thoresby, in his Diary under 
date of March 1702, mentions as a novelty, an orchard, 
“kept in the new order of dwarf trees,” evidently intima- 
ting that dwarf standards were introduced from Holland by 
the Prince of Orange at the time of the revolution. When 
an additional supply of culinary vegetables is required, 
they may be cultivated in the orchard; and then the trees 
should be planted in rows, with considerable intervals be- 
tween the rows, otherwise the close quincunx order is pre- 
ferable. In any circumstances, the trees should not be 
choked up with currant and gooseberry bushes, as is too 
common in market gardens. A few plums and cherries 
are commonly introduced; and on the margin may be 
planted walnuts, chestnuts, filberts, and any others less 
commonly cultivated, or the fruit of which is not much in 
demand. The whole should be effectually screened from 
the prevailing winds, by rows of forest trees; at a suffi- 
cient distance, however, to prevent shading by their branch- 
es, or the robbing of the soil by their roots. 
FRUIT GARDEN. 
We shall first direct our attention to the culture of 
hardy fruits, or of such as, in the climate of England, and 
the United States, do not to an extensive degree, require 
the assistance of artificial heat. But before proceeding to 
a minute detail of the management of the different varie- 
ties, it may be proper to attend to some of the operations 
which are common to all. 
