48 FRUIT GARDEN. 
is then inserted into the cleft of the cion, and so adjusted 
that the inner bark may unite neatly and exactly on one 
side. The junction is then tied up and covered with clay. 
Several other methods may be mentioned, such as cleft- 
grafting, c, d, e,in which the cion is sloped at the base, 
and inserted like a wedge into a cleft in the stock. Szde- 
grafting, (Fig. 2), f, g, which resembles whip-grafting, but 
is performed on the side of the stock without heading it 
down. Crown-grafting, in which the cions, m, p, are in- 
serted between the bark and the wood of the stock. Graft- 
ing by approach, or inarching, resembling the whip-graft- 
ing, but the cion 4 remains attached to the parent plant, 
till its union at & and Z with the new stock z be complete; 
when that portion of the stock above the union may be 
headed down, and the cion at the same time detached from 
the parent plant. 
It is evident that the method of performing the opera- 
tion may be diversified to a great extent. The late M. 
Thouin, of Paris, described, in the Annales du Museum, 
nearly fifty greffes ; but little practical utility results from 
such nice distinctions. It is of great importance that the 
horticulturist should be expert in the manipulation of the 
more common forms, such as those above enumerated. An 
extensive fruit garden requires a frequent repetition of the 
operation, in order to secure proper kinds, and productive 
branches. At Dalkeith Park, the late Mr. Macdonald, the 
excellent head-gardener there, was in the practice of annual- 
ly inserting, on his established trees, numerous grafts, and 
by this means was enabled to overcome the disadvantages 
of a somewhat unfavorable situation, especially in regard 
to subsoil, and to obtain abundant crops of large and beau- 
tiful fruit. : 
Root-graftng is performed in the modes just described, 
