PLANTING. 51 
be cautiously lifted from the nursery lines, carefully guard- 
ing against the mutilation or bruising of the roots ; and, 
to prevent the desiccation of the fibres, they should be 
planted as soon as possible after being lifted. When they 
have to be carried to a distance, the roots should bé en- 
veloped in damp hypnum-moss. In the ground, which is 
presumed to have been previously trenched or otherwise 
prepared, pits or holes are formed, and the soil is finely 
pulverized ; and in these the trees are placed, their roots 
being spread out and intermingled with the earth. Shal- 
low planting is stropgly recommended; two or three 
inches of soil being in general a sufficient covering. The 
doucin or French paradise stocks are preferable for this 
reason, that they throw out delicate fibres which readily 
spread along the surface, instead of bundles of hard roots 
which generally characterize crab stocks. On filling up 
the hole, a surface of at least an equal size is mudched, 
that is, covered with dung or litter, so as to restrain 
evaporation, and preserve moisture. In the case of wall- 
trees, a space of five or six inches is usually left between 
the stem at the insertion of the roots and the wall, to allow 
for the effects of growth. Young standard trees are tied 
to stakes, to prevent their roots being ruptured by the 
wind-waving of the stems. During the dry weather of the 
first summer, the trees should be watered from time to 
time as occasion may require. 
The selection and distribution of the different kinds of 
fruit-trees is an important and interesting point in the 
formation of a garden, Regard must necessarily be had 
to local situation and climate, as the selection ought man- 
ifestly to be different for a garden in the south-west of 
England, and for one in Yorkshire or in Scotland. The 
finer varieties of French and Flemish pears require and 
