54 FRUIT GARDEN. 
worked in the nurseries with stems five or six feet high. 
All that is necessary in pruning trees of this sort, is merely 
‘to cut out the branches which cross or press upon one 
another. Bushy heads should be thinned out, and those 
which are too lax cut back. Three or four leading branches 
may be selected, to pass ere long into boughs, and form a 
handsome skeleton for the tree; but it is useless to be 
over-nice in this matter, as these branches will soon grow, 
beyond the power or regulation of the pruner, and of any 
artificial system which he may adopt. Dwarf standards 
being more accessible, are more under the dominion of 
training. When worked on paradise stocks, they may be 
kept not much superior in size to gooseberry bushes, and 
in a state of abundant fruitfulness. The more fanciful 
Dutch modes of training apple-trees in the cup and the 
Fig. 4. Fig. 5. 
