TRAINING, 57 
nary vigor, cut. back every winter to within fourteen inches 
of the highest pair, of branches; a number of shoots are 
produced in the beginning of each summer, out of which 
three are selected: one is trained in the original direction 
of the stem, and one on each side of it, parallel to the base 
of the wall. By pinching off the point of the leading 
- shoot about midsummer, another pair mayibe obtained in 
autumn. « In luxuriant trees, the vertical shoot may be 
left two feet in length, by which means, and by. summer 
pruning, four pairs of branches may sometimes be added in 
one season. The great object, at first, ought to be to 
draw the stem upwards: when it has.reached the top of 
the wall, it is made to devaricate into two, and the trée, 
thus completed as to its height, is henceforth suffered to 
increase in breadth only. Horizontal training is best 
adapted to those trees which produce strong shoots, as the 
Ribston Pippin apple, or the Gansel’s Bergamot pear. 
For the more twiggy kinds, the form represented in Fig. 7 
is more suitable. In this the horizontal branches are 
eighteen or twenty inches distant, and the small shoots 
are trained in between them, either on both sides, as below 
a Fig. 7. b 
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iii 
