TRAINING. 59 
de saule is imevitable. It would be better to adopt the 
modification of the fan shape used for stone fruits (Fig. 9); 
Fig. 9 
to establish a certain number of mother branches, and on 
these to form a series of subordinate members, chiefly 
composed of bearing wood. The mother branehes or 
limbs should-not be numerous, but well marked, equal in 
strength, and regularly disposed. The side branches 
should be pretty abundant, short, and not so vigorous as 
to rival the leading members. ‘To insure regularity, train- 
ing should commence with maiden plants, or such as have 
only one year’s growth from the graft; leaders of equal 
strength should be selected, and encouraged to grow out 
longitudinally as much as possible, and all crowding among 
the inferior shoots should be prevented. In riders, this 
form passes into the stellar arrangement. The French 
have made considerable improvements in this mode of 
training, some of which will be noticed under the article 
Peach. 
Intermediate between horizontal and fan-training is the 
half-fan, described in the first volume of the Caledonian 
Horticultural Society's Memoirs, by Mr. Smith, gardener 
