60 FRUIT GARDEN. 
at: Hopetoun-House, and practiced by him with great suc- 
cess. It is nearly allied to the horizontal form, but the 
branches form an acute angle with the stem, and this dispo- 
sition is supposed to favor the equal distribution of the sap. 
In the winter pruning, three and sometimes four central 
branches are cut back; the shoots which arise from these 
are arranged in the fan order, and, as they elongate, are 
gradually brought into the horizontal position. The tree 
is finished at top as in the horizontalform. Sometimes, as 
in Fig. 10, two vertical stems are adopted. For vigorous 
trees, this figure seems to combine the advantages of both 
the foregoing varieties. 
The choice of particular modes of training is too often 
determined by mere fashionable prejudice, which leads to 
the application of the same form to all sorts of trees. 
Thus the French are apt to reduce everything to the fan 
system, while some English horticulturists are inclined to 
force trees of the most rambling growth into the pillory of a 
horizontal arrangement. Such a uniformity cannot p.ssi- 
bly be in accordance with nature. The enlightened culti. 
vator will employ various forms, and will determine for 
